AMP II Lab first quiz Flashcards
Blood is a connective tissue made up of __________ and ____________
cells, matrix
the blood plasma
matrix
the matrix, or blood plasma, is ________% of blood volume
55
What 6 things is plasma made up of?
water, electrolytes, protein, hormones, antibodies, nutrients
What are the three formed elements?
white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
What are the normal ranges for RBCs?
4-6 million/mm^3
Red blood cells carry oxygen bound to ___________________
hemoglobin
WBCs with no granules
agranulocytes
Lymphocytes make up _______ to _______% of total WBC count
20, 45
What are the normal ranges for hemoglobin? (for both men and women)
men: 14-18 gm/100 ml
women: 12/16 gm/100 ml
a red pigment in RBCs
hemoglobin
a decreased ability to carry oxygen
anemia
anemia in which the bone marrow isn’t producing RBCs
aplastic anemia
decreased amount of hemoglobin
iron deficiency
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
pernicious anemia
a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape
sickle cell anemia
inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia
thalassemia
What are the three causes of anemia?
- decreased number of RBCs
- decreased amount of hemoglobin
- abnormal hemoglobin
blood cancer; excess of RBCs, blood becomes viscous
polycythemia
What are the 2 causes of polycythemia?
- genetic mutation
- high altitude
What is the effect of altitude on the blood?
there is less O2 so the body compensates by producing more RBCs
cytoplasmic fragments of a large cell called megakaryocyte
platelets
Platelets (are/aren’t) a cell because they have no nucleus
aren’t
What is the function of platelets?
clot formation
What is another name for platelets?
thrombocytes
What are the normal ranges for platelets?
150,000-450,000/mm^3
What is the function of white blood cells?
defense
What are the normal ranges for white blood cells?
4,000-11,000 mm^3
What are the 2 types of WBCs?
granulocytes and agranulocytes
phagocytes with cytoplsmic granules
granulocytes
granulocytes have _________________ shaped nuclei
lobed
Neutrophils make up ______ to _______% of total WBC count
40,70
What are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
eosinophils are _______ granules, and make up _______ to _______% of total WBC count
red, 1,4
basophils are _______ granules, and make up _______% of total WBC count
blue, 0.5
Granulocytes have ___________ or ____________ shaped nuclei
spherical, kidney
What are the 2 types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes, monocytes
they attack viruses and produce antibodies
lymphocytes
these are the precursors to macrophages
monocytes
Monocytes make up _______ to _______% of total WBC count
4, 8
This tests for the presence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs and it is genetically determined
blood typing
If you have the A antigen, your blood type is _______.
A
If you have the B antigen, your blood type is _______.
B
If you have the A and B antigens, your blood type is _______.
AB
If you have neither A or B antigens, your blood type is _______.
O
This is what is referred to as Rh positive or Rh negative and is the most important antigen after A and B.
D antigen
Where are antibodies found?
blood plasma
proteins which attack foreign antigens that are products of the immune system
antibodies
What are the naturally occurring antibodies?
anti A and anti B
If your blood type is A, what antibody do you have?
anti-B
If your blood type is B, what antibody do you have?
anti-A
If your blood type is AB, what antibody do you have?
neither
The Anti D antibody (is/isn’t) “naturally occurring”
isn’t
If your blood type is O, what antibody do you have?
anti B and anti A
When Rh- blood is exposed to Rh+ blood, producing an Anti-D antibody that is dangerous for the infant
erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)
The normal hematocrit for women is ________ to ________%
35, 45
the percent of RBC in total blood volume (packed cell volume)
hematocrit
The normal hematocrit for men is ________ to ________%
42, 50
How do you calculate Hematocrit?
height of RBCs/height of total blood
A test that identifies each type of WBC while counting to 100 of them
WBC differential
adding known antisera (antibody) to blood and observing for agglutination
blood typing
