Amount of Substance 2

Question 1

Ionic Equations

Answer 1

Write out the pererate ions for any molecule with state symbol of Aq (Aquious)
Remove any spectator ions - any ions which are the same on both sides
simplify coefficnets if possible

Question 2

Percentage Yield

Answer 2

(actual mass / expected mass) X 100

Question 3

Limiting reagent

of percentage yield

Answer 3

one thing that stops a reaction from taking place

Question 4

Theoretical yield can change due to?

Answer 4

impure reactants
unwanted by products
products may be left in the beakers

Question 5

Atom Economy

Answer 5

(mass of useful products / total mass of products) X 100

Question 6

Limiting reagent

of atom economy

Answer 6

one with the smallest moles

Question 7

Electrons fill energy levels

Answer 7

from centre outwards

Question 8

Group Number

Answer 8

number of electrons in the outer orbital

Question 9

Energy Levels

Answer 9

Shells

Question 10

Period Number

Answer 10

number of energy levels

Question 11

sub levels

Answer 11

within energy levels

electron orbitals

Question 12

electron orbitals

Answer 12

hold 2 electrons

regions of space in which electrons spend most of their time

Question 13

Electrons spin

Answer 13

opposite directions to each other

one spinds clockwise the other spinds counter clockwise

Question 14

S sub level

Answer 14

2 electrons

Question 15

P sublevel

Answer 15

6 electrons

Question 16

D sublevel

Answer 16

10 electrons

Question 17

F sublevels

Answer 17

14 electrons

Question 18

orbitals fill

Answer 18

1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d
4p

4s always fills before 3d
and empties

Question 19

How do they fill

Answer 19

enter the lowest energy orbital available

Question 20

In orbitals electrons prefer?

Answer 20

to occupy the orbitals on their own and only pair up when there are no more empty orbitals of the same energy level available

Question 21

Exceptions

Answer 21

copper and chromium

Question 22

Chromium electron structure

Answer 22

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5

Question 23

Copper electron structure

Answer 23

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Question 24

Ionisation Energy

Answer 24

energy needed to remove one mole of the outermost electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms

Question 25

Effecting Factors

Answer 25

distance from the nucleus
electron shielding
nuclear charge
spin-spin repulsion

Question 26

Ideal gas

Answer 26

gas particles show no attractions for each other and have no volume

Question 27

Ideal behaviour

Answer 27

most likely at high temperatures and low pressures

Question 28

Ideal gas equation

Answer 28

PV = nRT

Question 29

Standard Solution

Answer 29

concentration of a known solution