Amount of substance Flashcards
What is the formula and charge on Sulfate
Sulfate SO42-
What is the formula and charge on Nitrate
Nitrate NO3-
What is the formula and charge on Carbonate
Carbonate CO32-
What is the formula and charge on Hydroxide
Hydroxide OH-
What is the formula and charge on Ammonium
Ammonium NH4+
What is the formula of Water
Water H2O
What is the formula of Methane
Methane CH4
What is the formula of Ammonia
Ammonia NH3
What is the formula of Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
What is meant by empirical formula
Empirical formula – the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound.
What is meant by molecular formula
Molecular formula – the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the substance.
What is meant by ionic equation.
Ionic equation – shows only the substances (can be covalent) taking part and being made in the reaction.
What is meant by spectator ions
Spectator ions - Ions which do not take part in the reaction.
What is meant by the mole
The mole – the amount of a substance that contains the number of particles equal to the Avogadro constant.
What is meant by relative formula mass RFM
Relative formula mass RFM– The total of the relative molecular mass (Mr).
What is meant by molar mass
Molar mass – the mass of 1 mole.
What is meant by avogadro constant
Avogadro constant – the number of particles in one mole.
What is meant by theoretical yield
Theoretical yield – The amount in moles or mass you would expect to be produced if the reaction goes to completion.
What is meant by actual yield
Actual yield – The amount in moles or mass you obtain experimentally.
What is meant by standard solution
Standard solution – a solution of a known concentration.
Why you don’t get 100% yield
Loss from transferring between containers
How do you calculate empirical formula
Write out the mass of the elements.
How do you do a reacting mass calculation?
- Calculate the number of moles by dividing the mass by the Mr.
How do you make a standard solution?
Weigh out accurately the mass of your solid.
How do you do a titration?
Rinse equipment with deionised water then the solution you will be filling it with.
How do you do a back titration?
React a insoluble solid e.g. Group II oxide, carbonate etc with known volume of excess hydrochloric acid.
How do you calculate % error?
Error / reading x 100.
What colour is Phenolphthalein in acidic solutions
colourless
What colour is Phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions
pink
What colour is Methyl orange in acidic solutions
Red
What colour is Methyl orange in alkaline solutions
Yellow
Which titrations are Phenolphthalein suitable for?
Strong acid – strong base
Which titrations are Methyl orange suitable for?
Strong acid- strong base
How do you work out the number of moles of a solid?
Number of moles = mass / molecular mass
How do you work out the number of moles of a liquid?
Number of moles = volumes x concentration
How do you work out the number of moles of a solid?
Number of moles = volume / 24dm3
How can you calculate number of moles using Avogadro’s number?
Amount (in moles) = number of particles / Avogadro constant
How do you calculate % yield?
Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100
How do you calculate atom economy?
Atom economy = Relative formula mass of desired products / relative formula mass of all products X 100
What is the ideal gas equation?
pV=nRT
What are the units in the ideal gas equation?
P=pressure (Pa) (NOT kPa)
What is the number for the Avogadro’s constant?
The Avogadro constant (L) = 6.02x1023
