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Clinical Parasitology Lecture > Amoeba > Flashcards

Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoans are divided into several groups based on _____

A

Locomotor apparatus

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2
Q

True or False

We can use size to determine the parasite.

A

False

We cannot use size to determine the parasite because the fixatives make the parasite shrink.

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3
Q

What makes the Parasites shrink?

A

Use of Fixatives

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4
Q

Criteria for the Identification of Protozoans, particularly for Amoeba:

A

Number of Nucleus
Nuclear Characteristics
Cytoplasmic Inclusions

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5
Q

2 types of Cytoplasm:

A

Ectoplasm
Endoplasm

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6
Q

The type of Cytoplasm that uses pseudopods for locomotion.

A

Ectoplasm

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7
Q

The Undulating Membrane assist _____ for movement.

A

Flagella

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8
Q

It is the structure in the Cytoplasm intended for the procurement of food.

A

Cytostome

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9
Q

It is the structure in the Cytoplasm intended for the excretion of metabolic wastes.

A

Cytopyge

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10
Q

A type of Cytoplasm where the organelles are located.

A

Endoplasm

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11
Q

What are the organelles located into the Endoplasm?

A

Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Vacuole

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12
Q

Stages of Protozoa:

A

Trophozoite
Cyst

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13
Q

The Stage wherein the feeding, motile, and multiplication in Protozoans happen.

A

Trophozoite

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14
Q

True or False

The Trophozoite can survive in the human host.

A

False

The Trophozoite cannnot survive in the human host.

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15
Q

The Stage wherein the Protozoans are non-feeding, non-motile, and cannot multiply.

A

Cyst

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16
Q

Cyst is an Infective Stage except for _____.

A

Trichomonas

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17
Q

True or False

Cyst can survive externally in the environment.

A

True

Cyst can survive externally in the environment.

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18
Q

It is the conversion of Trophozoite back in Cyst form.

A

Encystation

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19
Q

What are the factors that initiate Encystation?

A

Overpopulation of Parasite
Lack of Food
Lack of Oxygen
pH Changes

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20
Q

Morphological conversion of Cyst into Trophozoite.

A

Excystation

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21
Q

A single Cyst can make how many Trophozoite?

A

8 Trophozoite

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22
Q

Cyst that would leave the body of the infective host and contaminate the environment.

A

Mature Cyst

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23
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Sexual Reproduction is through the process of _____.

A

Syngamy

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24
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Asexual Reproduction is through the process of _____.

A

Binary Fission

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25
Q

Fill in the blank:

Subphylum Sarcodina is a subphylum of the _____.

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

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26
Q

Fill in the blank:

Some species use cytoplasmic extensions called _____ for locomotion or feeding.

A

Pseudopodia

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27
Q

Fill in the blanks:

“Pseudo” means _____ and “Pods” means _____. Therefore “Pseudopods” means _____.

A

False
Feet
False Feet

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28
Q

This is the only pathogenic intestinal amoeba.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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29
Q

Infective Stage of the Entamoeba histolytica:

A

Quadrinucleated Cyst (Cyst with 4 nuclei)

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30
Q

Mode of Action of the Entamoeba histolytica:

A

Ingestion of the Infective Stage
Feco-oral (Hand-to-mouth Transmission)

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31
Q

Mode of Transmission of the Entamoeba histolytica:

A

Ingestion of the Infective Stage
Feco-oral (Hand-to-mouth Transmission)
Sexual Transmission (Male Homosexuals)

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32
Q

Characteristics of the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica:

A
  1. Possess finger-like Pseudopods (Hyaline finger-like Pseudopod)
  2. Rapid, progressive, and unidirectional movement
  3. Possess single nucleus
  4. The Karyosome is centrally located (Bull’s Eye Karyosome)
  5. The Peripheral Chromatin is evenly distributed forming a perfect circle.
  6. The Endoplasmic Inclusion is ingestion of Red Blood Cells
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33
Q

What is the size of Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

12-30 micrometers

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34
Q

How many nucleus does the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica have?

A

Single nucleus

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35
Q

Describe the Karyosome of the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica.

A

The Karyosome of the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica is centrally located, also known as the Bull’s Eye Karyosome

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36
Q

Describe the Peripheral Chromatin of the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica.

A

The Peripheral Chromatin of the Trophozoite of the Entamoeba Histolytica is evenly distributed forming a perfect circle.

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37
Q

Characteristics of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica:

A
  1. Rounded shaped Cyst
  2. 1 up to 4 Nuclei
  3. Bull’s Eye Karyosome
  4. Peripheral Chromatin
  5. The Chromatoid Bars have rounded ends resembling a Cigar
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38
Q

There are how many Nuclei in a Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Ranges for 1 up to 4 Nuclei

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39
Q

What is the size of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

12-2o micrometer in diameter

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40
Q

What is the shape of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Rounded shape Cyst

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41
Q

It is the compressed RNA.

A

Chromatoid Bars

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42
Q

Describe the Chromatoid Bars of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica.

A

The Chromatoid Bars of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica have rounded ends (cigar-shape).

43
Q

Describe the Karyosome of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica.

A

The Karyosome of the Cyst of the Entamoeba Histolytica is centrally located (bull’s eye karyosome).

44
Q

2 Forms of Amoebiasis;

A
  1. Non-invasive
  2. Invasive
45
Q

It is the Form of Amoebiasis that refers to the asymptomatic carrier state.

A

Non-invasive

46
Q

2 Types of Invasive Amoebiasis:

A
  1. Symptomatic Intestinal Amoebiasis
  2. Symptomatic Extraintestinal Amoebiasis
47
Q

It is the First Stage in the Symptomatic Intestinal Amoebiasis.

A

Amoebic Colitis

48
Q

Fill in the blank:

Amoebic Colitis can progress to _____ characterized as bloody diarrhea.

A

Amoebic Dysentry

49
Q

Fill in the blank:

Amoebic Colitis can progress to Amoebic Dysentry characterized as _____.

A

Bloody diarrhea

50
Q

Formation of the _____ in the infection site or the intestinal mucosa would progress to a more severe type of Dysentry.

A

Flask-shaped ulcers

51
Q

What is the main infection site of the Extraintestinal Amoebiasis?

52
Q

What is the infected site in the Amoebic Liver Abscess of ALA?

A

Right lobe of the liver

53
Q

Fill in the blank:

In the Life Cycle of the Entamoeba histolytica, the lungs can also be affected which leads to _____ due to migration.

A

Amoebic pnuemonitis

54
Q

Geographic Distribution of Amoebiasis is because of _____.

A

Poor sanitation

55
Q

The Risk Groups for Amoebiasis are:

A

Male homosexuals
Travelers
Recent Immigrants
Institutionalized Populations (Prisoners, Children at Day Care Center, Sanitation Workers, and etc.)

56
Q

Fill in the blank:

Perforation of the intestinal wall may lead to _____.

A

Peritonitis

57
Q

Fill in the vlank:

Ulcer enlargement may lead to _____.

A

Sever Dysentery

58
Q

It is the inflammatory thickening of intestinal wall around the abscess (can be confused with tumor).

59
Q

Amebic Liver Abscess Characteristics:

A
  1. Chocolate-colored ‘pus’ due to the presence of necrotic and is usually bacteria free
  2. Lesions expand
  3. Further metastasis
60
Q

Pulmonary Amoebiasis Characteristics:

A
  1. Rarely primary
  2. Rupture of liver abscess through diaphragm
  3. Bacterial infections common
  4. Fever, cough, dyspnea, and pain
61
Q

Where is the location of pain in the Pulmonary Amoebiasis disease?

A

Upper right quadrant pain

62
Q

Fill in the blank:

Enlargement of liver is also known as _____.

A

Hepatomegaly

63
Q

It is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Amoebiasis.

A

Stool examination

64
Q

What is the treatment for Symptomatic Extraintestinal Amoebiasis?

A

Combined Metronidazole and Tinidazoole

65
Q

Treatment of choice for Asymptomatic Amoebiasis.

A

Iodoquinol
Paromomycin

66
Q

Treatment of choice for Symptomatic Amoebiasis.

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole

67
Q

How to prevent and control Amoebiasis?

A

Avoid feco-oral transmission
Prevention of night soil

68
Q

List down the Non-pathogenic Amoebas:

A

Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba hartmanii
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba polecki
Entamoeba moshkovskii
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii

69
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Entamoeba histolytica resist _____ and _____.

A

Chlorination
Boiling

70
Q

Identify based on the given characteristics:

Identical to Entamoeba histolytica but this type target on enzymes which differentiates it from the Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Entamoeba dispar

71
Q

How many nucleus does an Entamoeba coli have?

72
Q

Describe the Karyosomal location of the Entamoeba coli.

A

The Karyosomal location of the Entamoeba coli is atypical (centrally or near the center).

73
Q

Describe the Peripheral Chromatin of the Entamoeba coli.

A

The Peripheral Chromatin of the Entamoeba coli is unevenly distributed.

74
Q

Describe the Endoplasm of the Entamoeba coli.

A

The Endoplasm of the Entamoeba coli is granular and more vacuolated.

75
Q

How many nucleus does the Cyst of an Entamoeba coli have?

A

Ranges from 1 to 8 nuclei

76
Q

Describe the Chromatid Bars of the Cyst of the Entamoeba coli.

A

The Chromatid Bars of the Cyst of the Entamoeba coli is pointed or splintered in ends resembling a broom stick.

77
Q

What is the size of the Trophozoites of the Entamoeba coli?

78
Q

Identify based on the given characteristics:

Morphologically identical to Entamoeba histolytica but the size of this parasite differentiates it from the Entamoeba histolytica. They are generally smaller compared to Entamoeba histolytica and is also called the small race of Entamoeba histolytica.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

79
Q

What is the size of the Cyst of Entamoeba hartmanni?

80
Q

How many nuclei does the Cyst of Entamoeba hartmanni have?

A

4 nuclei (mature)

81
Q

What is the size of the Trophozoite of Entamoeba hartmanni?

82
Q

Nuclear Structure of Entamoeba hartmanni:

A

Peripheral Chromatin
Small Karyosome

83
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Entamoeba polecki is commensal of _____ and _____.

A

Pigs
Monkey

84
Q

True or False

Entamoeba polecki cannot be found in humans.

A

False

Entamoeba polecki can be found in humans, but they are rare to be found.

85
Q

Describe the Trophozoite of Entamoeba polecki.

A

Blunt pseudopod

86
Q

How many nucleus does the Entamoeba polecki have?

87
Q

Describe the Karyosome of the Entamoeba polecki.

A

The Karyosome of the Entamoeba polecki is centrally located.

88
Q

Describe the Cyst of Entamoeba polecki.

A

The Cyst of Entamoeba polecki contains 1 nuclus

89
Q

Describe the Chromatid Bars of Entamoeba polecki.

A

The Chromatid Bars of Entamoeba polecki are pointed and angular in the ends.

90
Q

Identify based on the given characteristics:

  • Identical morphology as Entamoeba histolytica
  • Free-living (sewerage)
  • Rarely recovered
A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

91
Q

A characteristic of Entamoeba moshkovskii that tolerate osmotic pressure.

A

Osmotolerant

92
Q

Describe the Trophozite of Endolimax nana.

A

The Trophozite of Endolimax nana is blunt

93
Q

How many nucleus does the Endolimax nana have?

A

Ranges from 1 to 4 nucleus

94
Q

Describe the Karyosome of the Endolimax nana.

A

Irregularly shaped or blunt-like Karyosome

95
Q

True or False

Endolimax nana does not have Peripheral Chromatin.

A

True

Endolimax nana does not have Peripheral Chromatin. There is absence in the Peripheral Chromatin.

96
Q

What is the size of the Trophozoites of Endolimax nana?

97
Q

What is the size of the Cyst of the Endolimax nana?

98
Q

Describe the Trophozoite of the Iodamoeba butschlii.

A

The Trophozoite of the Iodamoeba butschlii have several blunt pseudopods.

99
Q

There are how many nucleus in the Iodamoeba butschlii?

100
Q

Does the Iodamoeba butschlii have Peripheral Chromatin?

A

The Iodamoeba butschlii does not have Peripheral Chromatin.

101
Q

Describe the Cyst of the Iodamoeba butshlii.

A
  • 1 nucleus
  • Large chromosome
  • Presence of a large glycogen vacuole as a diagnostic tool
102
Q

What is the size of the Cyst of Iodamoeba butschlii?

103
Q

What is the size of the Trophozoites of Iodamoeba butschlii?

104
Q

Identify based on the given characteristics:

  • Unique because it inhabits the oral cavity
  • No Cyst Stage
  • Trophozites nearly identical to Entamoeba histolytica
  • Associated with Periodontal Disease
A

Entamoeba gingivalis

Clinical Parasitology Lecture (3 decks)

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