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Aral Tayo > Amniotic Fluid > Flashcards

Amniotic Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

Found in the membranous sac that surrounds the fetus providing a cushion for protection

A

Amniotic fluid

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2
Q

cushion for protection

A

Amnion

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3
Q

FUNCTIONS OF AMNIOTIC FLUID:

A
  • provide protective cushion
  • allow fetal movement
  • stabilize temperature for fetal
  • permits lung development
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4
Q

Regulated by the balance between the production of ____________ and __________

A

fetal urine and lung fluid

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5
Q

Volume ______________. (increases/decrease) on the course of pregnancy

A

increases

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6
Q

Volume increased amniotic fluid:

A

800-1200mL

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7
Q

Volume app 800-1200ml during the

A

3rd trimester

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8
Q

During the first trimester: amniotic fluid is derived from

A

Maternal circulation (35mL)

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9
Q

After the first trimester: the volume is approximately

A

1L

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10
Q

Is the major contributor of amniotic fluid

A

Urine

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11
Q

Start and regulates the increase in the fluid from fetal urine

A

Fetal swallowing

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12
Q

Increased Amniotic fluid volume caused:

A

Acute hydramnios
Chronic hydramnios

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13
Q

Decreased Amniotic fluid volume: caused

A

Oligohydramnios

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14
Q

VOLUME during first trimester:

A

35ml

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15
Q

On the latter third to half pregnancy
o Fetus secretes a volume of

A

Lung liquid

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16
Q

Abnormal increase of the fluid volume

A

Polyhydramnios

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17
Q

Abnormal decrease of the fluid volume

A

Oligohydramnios

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18
Q

In polyhydramnios fetus’ failure to swallow the urine indicator of:

A
  • fetal distress
  • neural tube defect
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19
Q

In polyhydramnios fetus’ failure to swallow the urine indicator of: secondary effect

A
  • Congenital infection
  • urinary tract derformities
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20
Q

composition of maternal plasma contains

A

Sloughed fetal cell from skin, digestive system and urinary tract

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21
Q

composition of maternal plasma in biochemical substances

A

Bilirubin, lipids, nitrogen compound, protein and enzymes

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22
Q

Use to determine fetal age

A

Amniotic fluid creatinine

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23
Q

Amniotic fluid creatinine Prior to _______ weeks of gestion

A

36

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24
Q

Creatinine levels is:

A

1.5-2.0mg/dl

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25
Q

If the creatinine is >2.0 mg/dl creatinine it indicates

A

Greater than 36 weeks of gestation

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26
Q

Early (14-16 weeks) indications

A

Diagnostic genetic disease

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27
Q

Mid trimester indication

A
  • Hemolytic disease of newborn
  • neural tube defect
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28
Q

3rd trimester indication:

A
  • Hemolytic disease of newborn
  • renal maturity
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29
Q

SPECIMEN COLLECTION used

A

Trans-abdominal amniocentesis

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30
Q

Trans-abdominal amniocentesis ________ ml amber bottle protect from light
(Bilirubin)

A

30 ml

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31
Q

Discard first ______ ml - contaminated with
maternal blood, tissue fluid and cells (Can
cause false positive result)

A

3-5ml

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32
Q

Discard first 3-5ml - contaminated with
__________ blood, ________ fluid and ________ Can
cause false positive result

A

maternal blood, tissue fluid and cells

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33
Q

Transport with ice if for phospholipid
determination

A

Fetal lung maturity

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34
Q

Trans-abdominal amniocentesis Performed at_____ weeks gestation

A

14 weeks gestation

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35
Q

Trans-abdominal amniocentesis _______ weeks genetic and chromosomal studies

A

15-18 weeks

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36
Q

Used for SPECIMEN HANDLING

A

Fetal lung maturity test
Cytogenetic studies

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37
Q

FETAL LUNG MATURITY TEST Can be kept frozen ________or refrigerator temperature (6-8C) for 72 hours.

A

(-8C)

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38
Q

FETAL LUNG MATURITY TEST Can be kept frozen (-8C) or refrigerator temperature _______for 72 hours.

A

(6-8C)

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39
Q

FETAL LUNG MATURITY TEST Can be kept frozen (-8C) or refrigerator temperature (6-8C) for ______ hours.

A

72 hrs

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40
Q

FETAL LUNG MATURITY TEST Repeat ______________ is not recommended causes distortion of cells and to the result also.

A

freeze-thawing

41
Q

FETAL LUNG MATURITY TEST _________ is recommended for this method to prevent phospholipid loss.

A

Filtration

42
Q

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES
o Maintained at room temperature or at body temperature of

A

25-37C

43
Q

Amniotic Fluid Test Significance: Detection of:

A
  • hemolytic disease of newborn
  • fetal lung maturity
  • fetal lung hypoxia
  • fetal disorder
  • cytogenetic disorder
  • chromosomal abnormalities
44
Q

Normal appearance:

A

Colorless to Pale yellow

45
Q

Clinical correlation appearance

A

Fetal death
Meconium
Hemolytic disease of newborn
Hemorrhage

46
Q

Abnormal appearance

A

Yellow
Dark green
Dark red- brown
Blood streak

47
Q

Point of reference Amniotic fluid creatinine

A

3.5mg/dl

48
Q

Point of reference Amniotic fluid urea

A

30 mg/dl

49
Q

Point of reference Amniotic fluid glucose

A

Present

50
Q

Point of reference Amniotic fluid protein

A

Present

51
Q

Point of reference Maternal urine creatinine

A

10 mg/dl

52
Q

Point of reference Maternal urine urea

A

300mg/dl

53
Q

Point of reference Maternal urine glucose

A

Absent

54
Q

Point of reference Maternal urine protein

A

Absent

55
Q

Primary surface fluid if lungs

A

Lecithin

56
Q

Produced at relatively low & constant rate
until 35th week of gestation

A

Lecithin

57
Q

Produced at constant rate after about 26th week of gestation

A

Sphingomyelin

58
Q

Essential fluid for adequate lung maturity

A

Phosphatidyl glycerol

59
Q

Measurement by spectrophotometric analysis & plotted in the

A

Liley curve or lily’s curve

60
Q

mildly affected fetus zone

A

Zone I

61
Q

Zone that requires careful monitoring

A

zone II

62
Q

Zone that severely affected
may require
of labor or intrauterine
induction
exchange transfusion

A

Zone III

63
Q

Surface fluids of the Lungs

A

Lecithin
Sphingomyelin
Phosphatidyl glycerol

64
Q

Represent the measurement and reading of bilirubin from amniotic fluid plotted by spectrophotometer

A

Liley curve

65
Q

Measurement used for bilirubin determination

A

Lily’s curve

66
Q

• For establishment and determination of antibody titer

A

Lily’s curve

67
Q

Most commonly Rh-negative mothers

A

Hemolytic disease of neeborn

68
Q

Fetal cells with antigens enter maternal circulation and cause production of maternal antibodies

A

Hemolytic disease of newborn

69
Q

Maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal cells with the corresponding antigen

A

Hemolytic disease of newborn

70
Q

Good indicator for the presence of infection

A

Leukocyte esterase reagent strip

71
Q

Determine neural tube disorders

A

Alpha fetoprotein

72
Q

Major protein produced by the fetal liver & found in the
maternal serum

A

Alpha fetoprotein

73
Q

Confirmatory test for neural tube
disorders

A

Acetylcholinesterase test

74
Q

Common neural tube defect in newborn

A

Anencephaly and spinal bifida

75
Q

Completely open brain and spinal cord

A

Craniorachiachisis

76
Q

Open brain and luck of skull vault

A

Anencephaly

77
Q

Reference method to measure fetal lung maturity

A

Lecithin/sphingomyelin ration

78
Q

Primary component of the phospholipids that make up the majority of the alveolar lining & account for alveolar stability

A

Lecithin

79
Q

Lipidthatisproducedataconstantrateafter aboutthe 26th weeks of gestation serving as a control on which to base the rise in Lecithin.

A

Sphingomyelin

80
Q

Analytical errors: fetal maturity analysis

A

Over centrifugation
Blood contamination
Imprecision of TLC
Meconium

81
Q

Essential for adequate fetal lung maturity

A

Phosphatidyl glycerol/ phosphatidylinositol

82
Q

Immunologic agglutination test for phosphatidyl glycerol

A

Amniostat fetal lung maturity

83
Q

Provides rapid method for assessment of lung maturity

A

Amniostat fetal lung maturity

84
Q

Mechanical screening test to measure the individual lung surface lipid
concentration

A

Foam test

85
Q

Good correlation with L/S Ratio

A

Foam stability index

86
Q

Depend on longevity of bubbles (ethanol-antifoaming agent)

A

Foam stability index

87
Q

Simple shake test

A

Foam stability index

88
Q

Foam stability index aka

A

Simple shake test
Manual foam stability index

89
Q

Reagent use in foam stability index

A

95% ethanol

90
Q

Antifoaming agent used

A

Ethanol

91
Q

Utilize fluorescence polarization between lipids & albumin for fetal lung maturity

A

TDx-FETAL LUNG MATURITY

92
Q

Detects fetal age

A

Creatinine

93
Q

The count correlates with the amount
of phospholipids present in fetal lung

A

Lamellar bodies count

94
Q

FETAL RED CELLS & MATERNAL RED CELLS: stain used

A

Kleihauer-betke stain

95
Q

Red, refractile, large cells, resistant to alkali

A

Fetal rbc

96
Q

Uncolored ghost cells or dull red, poorly
stained, sensitive to alkali

A

Maternal rbc

97
Q

colorless when stained

A

Maternal blood

98
Q

Purple-pink when stain

A

Fetal blood

Aral Tayo (2 decks)

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