AML and ALL

Question 1

causes of leukemia

Answer 1

genetic, occupational, environmental

Question 2

FAB classifications

Answer 2

morphology
cytochemical stains
clinical findings

Question 3

WHO classifications

Answer 3

morphology
cytochemical stains
clinical findings
flow cytometry
molecular genetic abnormalities
cytogenetics

Question 4

AML is characterized by two fundamental features

Answer 4

ability to proliferate continuously

arrested development

Question 5

When AML is suspected, the following lab evaluation must include

Answer 5

PB testing
BM testing
cytogenetic studies
immunophenotyping

Question 6

AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22) RUNXI-RUNXIT1

Answer 6

abnormal protein causes irregulation of hematopoiesis

favorable outcome

Question 7

AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22)

Answer 7

dysplastic eosinophils in bone marrow

Question 8

AML with t(15;17)(qLeukemia (F22;q12) PML RARA

Answer 8

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia M3
young adults
Differentiation block of promyelocyte stage
hypergranular, butterfly nucleus
can have a microgranular variant
causes DIC
treat with vitamin A (ATRA)
favorable outcome

Question 9

AML (megakaryoblastic) with t(1;22)(p13,q13) RBM15-MKL1

Answer 9

associated with down syndrome
dry tap due to fibrosis
causes DIC

Question 10

t(9;22)(q34:q11) BCR-ABL

Answer 10

B-ALL
poor prognosis
older adolescents

Question 11

t(v;11)(v:23)

Answer 11

B-ALL
infants, older adults
poor prognosis

Question 12

t(12;21)(p13;q22)

Answer 12

most common

good prognosis

Question 13

three stages of chemotherapy for ALL

Answer 13

Induction therapy phase
CNS prophylaxis phase
Maintenance therapy phase

Question 14

four ways to differentiate AML from ALL

Answer 14

morphology and cytochemistry
immunophenotyping
cytogenetic analysis
molecular analysis