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Pharmacology > Aminoglycosides, Monobactams and Carbapenem > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides, Monobactams and Carbapenem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two common monobactams and how are they administered?

A

aztreonam: parenteral
Trigemonam: orally

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2
Q

Spectrum for monobactams

A

Gram negative and pseudomonas

CIA

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3
Q

Indications for monobactams

A

septicaemia
meningitis
peritonitis
E.coli multiresistant, Uti

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4
Q

Common carabapenems

A

Imiperem

Meroperem

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5
Q

what can we combine imiperem with to increase the half life, and what is the half life normally?

A

1-2 h normally

if we use cilastatin, we can increase the halflife as it will inhibit dihydropeptidase

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6
Q

What does the amount of amino groups mean for aminoglycosides

A

more amino groups means more accumulation and especcially in ear and kidney (phosphatidili inositol)

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7
Q

oral absorption of aminoglycosides?

A

bad - hydrophilic

excreted by the kidney without metabolic change

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8
Q

which aminoglycosides are the natural ones, and what is the name of the fungi?

A 
streptomycin
neomycin
spectinomycin - aminocyclitol
kanamycin
tobramycin

by streptomyces spp

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9
Q

semisynthetic aminoglycoside and fungi

A

amikacin

streptomyces spp

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10
Q

synthetic aminoglycoside

A

gentamicin

micromonospora spp

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11
Q

mechanism of action of aminoglycosides

A

30s ribosomal ubuint - produces false proteins

needs oxygen and energy to be taken up

RNA structure damage

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12
Q

mode of action - aminoglycosides

A

bactericidal (spectinomyocin is bacteriostatic)
concnetration dependent
PAE

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13
Q

spectrum of aminoglycosides

A

gram negativ aerobic and staphylococcus spp

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14
Q

Resistance of aminoglycosides

A

Ab ovo: anaerobic bacteria and E.coli is spreading

cross resistance, one way

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15
Q

resistance mechanisms of bacteria towards aminoglycosides

A

plasmids
altering enxymes: acetylation, adenylation
reduced permeability: active transport

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16
Q

aminoglycosides: absorption

A

PO or parenteral

intramammary, intrauterine or into abscesses

17
Q

aminoglycosides: distribution

A

not very good - hydrophilic
used to treat meningitis - BBB
cats are sensitive, dont treat cts abscesses

18
Q

aminoglycoside accumulation

A

in kidney cortec and ear

19
Q

aminoglycosides toxicity

A

one of the most toxic AB. neomycin most toxic

20
Q

predisposing factors: aminoglycosides

A

kidney problems
hydration state
operation

21
Q

combining muscle relaxants and aminoglycosides?

A

dont do it: neuromuscular blockade (myosthenia grais like symptoms) Ach release is inhibitied

22
Q

aminoglycosides indications

A 
respiratory infections
GI
UTI
mastitis 
dermatitis - topical
septicaemia - combination
23
Q

aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs

A 
streptomycin
neomycin
gentamicin
spectinomycin
apramycin
tobramycin
amikacin
24
Q

good aminoglycosides against pseudomonas spp

A

amikasin
gentamycin
tobramycin

25
Q

streptomycin

  • use
  • indication
  • duration
  • application
A 
Don’t use alone
Used in combinations w/penicillins TTC
Used against streptococcus, mastitis
Duration is 86h
IM or SC (intramammary)
26
Q

Neomycin

  • use
  • indication
  • synergist
A 
Used alone
Used in combinations w/penicillins – if it is life threathening, more potent effect
Mastitis – topical
Biosol – GI
Parenteral – not frequently used
Synergistic strepto + penicillin
-	Different bacteria is targeted
-	Penicillin – cell wall
-	Aminoglycoside – can be transported inside bacteria
27
Q

Gentamicin

  • use
  • application
  • indication
A 
Alone
w/ penicillin – CIA (amoxicillin)
per os, parentera or topical
mastitis
UTI
Ear, eye drops = topical
GI – per os
28
Q

spectinomycin

  • mode of action
  • indications
  • use
  • application
A

Bacteriostatic
Mycoplasma – good against it
Used alone and in combination with lincomycin (anaerob + aerob)
Per os and parenteral

29
Q

apramycin

  • species
  • application
  • indication
A

Bioavailability is better wit oral administration
Swine
Per os
GI or respiratory

30
Q

tobramycin

  • info
  • application
  • indication
A

Most active
Toxic
Topical, parenteral
Ear, eye

31
Q

amikacin

  • toxic?
  • ow long can it be used?
  • indications?
A 
One of the most active
Slightly toxic
Parenteral
Very safe, can be used for two weeks
Good against MRSA, MRSP

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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