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Vanessa Biochem Post Midterm > Amino Acids - Specialized Products > Flashcards

Amino Acids - Specialized Products Flashcards

1
Q

Tyr is starting amino acids for???

A

Catacholamines - dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine; pigment - melanin; hormones - T3 and T4

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2
Q

rate limiting step of catacholamines

A

Tyr hydroxylase whose product is DOPA

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3
Q

where do you find tyr hydroxylase

A

CNS, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla

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4
Q

what is albinism

A

deficiency of melanin (made from Tyr using Tyrosinase in melanocytes) in skin, hair, and eyes

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5
Q

albinism that affects the eye is called

A

oculocutaneous albinism

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6
Q

diseases associated with loss of dopamine producing cells in the basal ganglia

A

Parkinson’s Disease (4th most common disorder in elderly)

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7
Q

characteristics of Parkinson’s

A

movement disorders: spasticity and tremors, loss of memory, mood disturbances, postural instability

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8
Q

How do you treat Parkinson’s

A

administer L-DOPA and dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (Carbidopa)

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9
Q

why administer L-DOPA to parkinson’s patient instead of dopamine

A

L-DOPA can cross the BBB but dopamine cannot

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10
Q

why administer L-DOPA with Carbidopa

A

it increases the half life of L-DOPA in the GIT and peripheral tissues – carbidopa can’t cross the BBB though

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11
Q

product of degradation of noepinephrine and epinephrine

A

vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and other products using Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catacholamine O-methyltransferase (COMT)

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12
Q

how do you test for level of catecholamines noepinephrine and epinephrine produced

A

check urinary VMA levels

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13
Q

what is the product of degradation of dopamine

A

homovanillic acid (HVA) using MAO and COMT

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14
Q

disease associated with overproduction of catecholamines

A

pheochromocytoma

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15
Q

symptoms of pheochromocytoma

A

headache, sweating, tachycardia

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16
Q

what regulates basal metabolic rate

A

thyroid hormone (formed from Tyr and iodine)

17
Q

precursor for serotonin and melatonin

A

tryptophan

18
Q

degradation of serotonin is done by…?

A

monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A)

19
Q

what is serotonin for

A

pain perception, sleep wake cycle, regulation of mood and appetite, and blood pressure and temp

20
Q

what is melatonin for

A

sleep inducing hormone, regulation of circadian rhythm, light/dark cycle, SAD

21
Q

increased 5 HIAA in urine is marker for?

A

carcinoid syndrome

22
Q

symptoms of carcinoid syndrome

A

cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

23
Q

relationship between Glu and GABA

A

GABA formed as a result of decarboxylation of Glu using glutamate decarboxylase and PLP

24
Q

relationship between histidine and histamine

A

histamine formed as a result of decarboxylation of histidine using histidine decarboxylase and PLP

25
Q

purpose of histamine

A

vasodilator, allergic rxn, inflammatory responses, gastric secretion, neurotransmission

26
Q

what do anti-histamine do?

A

prevent histamine signaling so basically receptor blockers

27
Q

what is the precursor amino acid for NO synthesis

A

arginine (product is L-citrulline)

reaction requires NADPH, O2, BH4, FAD, FMN

28
Q

nitroglycerine treatment results in…

A

vasodilation of coronary blood vessels and improvement of blood flow to heart

29
Q

where do you find creatine

A

muscle, heart, and brain

30
Q

where does synthesis of creatine occur

A

starts in kidney then continues in liver before being transported via blood to muscle, heart, and brain

31
Q

what does creatine do?

A

accept P from ATP when muscle is resting and can donate P to ADP when muscle is contracting

32
Q

levels of CPK/ CK-MB indicator of?

A

indicator of myocardial ischaemia/ myocardial damage (heart attack)

33
Q

serum creatinine levels are indicator of…?

A

renal function - levels rise in acute or chronic renal failure

34
Q

glutathione contains what?

A

glu, cys, gly

35
Q

glutathione is impo for

A

detoxification of H2O2 esp in RBC, protects RBC from oxidative stress, cofactor for many enzymatic rxns, aid in rearragement of protein disulphide bonds, can be conjugated to drugs to make them more water soluble, reducing agent

36
Q

reactions that need tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

A

phenylalanine hydroxylase (Phe to Tyr), Tyr hydroxylase (Tyr to DOPA), Trp hydroxylase (trp to 5 hydroxy trp), and NO synthase

Vanessa Biochem Post Midterm (13 decks)

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