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ClinChem Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms > Amino Acids & Proteins > Flashcards

Amino Acids & Proteins Flashcards

1
Q
  • plays a role in cell division
  • required for the generation of urea and synthesis of creatine
A

Arginine

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2
Q

The breakdown of creatine

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

*Direct Precursor of Histamine

A

Histidine

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4
Q
  • Boosts the healing of muscle, skin, and bones
  • Optimal growth of infants and for nitrogen balance in adults
A

Leucine

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5
Q
  • plays a role in the production of antibodies and lowers triglyceride
  • need for proper growth and bone development in children
  • maintains a proper nitrogen balance in adults
A

Lysine

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6
Q
  • Helps initiate translation of messenger RNA
  • 1st amino acid encoded during translation
A

Methionine

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7
Q

*Start codon that encodes Methionine

A

AUG

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8
Q
  • promotes alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids memory and learning
A

Phenylalanine

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9
Q

Made up of phenylalanine & aspartic acid

A

Aspartame

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10
Q
  • Important component in the formation of protein, collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel
A

Threonine

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11
Q

*Precursor of serotonin and melatonin

A

Tryptophan

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12
Q

*A natural happy chemical

A

Serotonin

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13
Q

*Plays role in the sleep-wake cycle

A

Melatonin

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14
Q

Heaviest among all the amino acid

A

Tryptophan

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15
Q
  • Needed for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair and maintenance of nitrogen balance
  • Used by muscle as energy source
A

Valine

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16
Q
  • Involved in the breakdown of glucose
  • Product of breakdown of DNA
A

Alanine

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17
Q

First amino acid to be isolated

A

Asparagine

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18
Q

A metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis

A

Aspartic Acid (Aspartate)

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19
Q
  • a.k.a Half-cystine residue
  • Named after Cystine, its precursor
A

Cysteine

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20
Q

Serves a neurotransmitter

A
  • Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
  • Glycine
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21
Q

*Responsible for the taste of Umami

A

Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)

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22
Q

*Most abundant amino acid in the body

A

Glutamine

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23
Q

*Simplest Amino Acid

A

Glycine

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24
Q
  • Precursor of hydroxyproline
  • an Imino Acid due to its cyclic structure
A

Proline

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25
Q

Needed for proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids

A

Serine

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26
Q

Precursor of:
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine; Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine

A

Tyrosine

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27
Q

*Selenocysteine is encoded by what codon

A

UGA

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28
Q

*Pyrolysine is encoded by what codon

A

UAG

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29
Q

Protein will initially be digested by what enzymes

A

Pepsin & Trypsin

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30
Q

Where amino acids are acquired to be used for translation

A

Amino Acid Pool

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31
Q

Caused by either an enzyme defect or enzyme deficiency

A

Aminoacidopathies

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32
Q

*Total absence of activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase

A

Phenylketonuria

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33
Q

*Deamination of phenylalanine

A

Phenylpyruvate

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34
Q

Decarboxylation and oxidation of phenylpyruvate

A

Phenylacetic Acid

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35
Q

Glutamine conjugate of phenylacetate

A

Phenylacetylglutamine

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36
Q

The ability of the phenylalanine is used which could be present in the specimen to facilitate the bacterial growth in a culture medium with an inhibitor

A

Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition Assay

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37
Q

Direct measurement of phenylalanine in dried blood filter disks

A

Microfluorometric Assay

38
Q
  • Excretion of tyrosine & tyrosine catabolites in urine
A

Tyrosinemia

39
Q

Lack of homogentisate oxidase

A

Alkaptonuria

40
Q

Lack of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase

A

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

41
Q

Deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in leucine pathway

A

Isovaleric Acidemia

42
Q

*How is the diagnosis of Isovaleric Acidemia performed

A

with Tandem Mass Spectrometry or Chromatography

43
Q

*In Silver-Nitroprusside Test, silver nitrate reduces homocysteine to form ________

A

reddish color

44
Q

*In Silver-Nitroprusside Test, ____________ reduces homocysteine to form reddish color

A

Silver Nitrate

45
Q

Lack of enzyme argininosuccinic acid synthetase

A

Type I Citrullinemia

46
Q

Caused by mutation of the gene that would provide instruction for making the protein citrin

A

Type II Citrullinemia

47
Q

Deficiency in argininosuccinate lyase

A

Argininosuccinic Aciduria

48
Q

A defect in the amino acid transport system rather than a metabolic enzyme deficiency

A

Cystinuria

49
Q

Normal Urine causes what odor

50
Q

*Phenylketonuria causes what odor in urine?

51
Q

*Tyrosinemia causes what odor in urine?

52
Q

Isovaleric Academia causes what odor in urine?

A

Sweaty feet

53
Q

Methionine Malabsoprtion causes what odor in urine

54
Q

Contaminated urine causes what odor?

55
Q

Structure of protein where different amino acids composes a specific protein in a linear way

A

Primary Structure

56
Q

Structure of protein where peptide chains are folded regularly & can form alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary Structure

57
Q

Protein structure where structure is now in a 3D form and is considered as a polypeptide

A

Tertiary Structure

58
Q

Protein structure that is combination of all polypeptides

A

Quaternary Structure

59
Q

a1-Globulins

A
  • HDL
  • a1-fetoprotein
  • a-antitrypsin
60
Q

a2-Globulins

A
  • Haptoglobin
  • Ceruloplasmin
  • a2-macroglobulin
61
Q

B-Globulins

A
  • Transferrin
  • C-reactive protein
62
Q

y-Globulins

A

Immunoglobulins

63
Q

*What type of Albumin is HDL

A

a1-Globulin

64
Q

*Also known as transthyretin

A

Prealbumin

65
Q

Half-Life of prealbumin

66
Q

It is present in its highest concentration

67
Q

*Absence of albumin

A

Analbuminemia

68
Q

Condition of having 2 types of serum albumin that differ in mobility during electrophoresis

A

Bisalbuminemia

69
Q

Synthesized initially by the fetal yolk sac and then by the parenchymal cells of the liver

A

Alpha 1-Fetoprotein (AFP)

70
Q

*Elevated AFP:

  • The incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube
  • An incompletely formed spinal cord
A

Spina Bifida & Neural Tube Defects

71
Q

Elevated AFP:

  • Narrowing/absence of a portion of the intestine of the fetus
A

Atresia of the GI tract

72
Q

Elevated AFP:

  • Fetus is not well or excessively fatigued
A

Fetal Distress

73
Q

Formation of certain membranes & fibers in association with collagen

A

Alpha 1-Acid Glycoprotein (Orosmucoid)

74
Q

Group-specific component / Vitamin D-binding protein

A

Gc-Globulin

75
Q
  • An Alpha 2-glycoprotein
  • Binds to free hemoglobin by its alpha-chain
A

Haptoglublin

76
Q

A conjugated protein due to its prosthetic group

A

Ceruloplasmin

77
Q

Hepatolenticular degeneration

A

Wilson’s Disease

78
Q

Decreased ceruloplasmin because there is a problem with the absorption of copper

A

Menke’s Syndrome

79
Q

*Majority of the b-globulin fraction

A

Transferrin

80
Q

Ratio of transferrin-to-ferric ions

81
Q

Absensce of transferrin

A

Atransferrinemia

82
Q

Removes circulation Heme

83
Q

Transports cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids

A

Lipoproteins

84
Q

*Light chain component of major histocompatability complex

A

Beta 2-Microglobulin

85
Q

Collective term for several proteins participating in the immune rx

A

Complement

86
Q

Forms a fibrin clot when activated by thrombin

A

Fibrinogen

87
Q

Appears in blood of patients with diverse inflammatory disease

A

C-reactive Protein

88
Q

A heme protein found in striated muscles

89
Q

Decreased protein levels

A

Hypoproteinemia

90
Q

Increased protein levels

A

Hyperproteinemia

91
Q

What bacteria is used in Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition Assay

A

Bacillus subtilis

ClinChem Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms (3 decks)

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