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ClinChem Lab 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms > Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins > Flashcards

Amino Acids & Plasma Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Total Protein sample of choice

A

Serum

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2
Q

Classic method for Total Protein

A

Kjeldahl Method

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3
Q

Most widely used method for Total Protein

A

Biuret method

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4
Q

IFCC stands for

A

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry

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5
Q

In (TP) biuret method, what colored chelate is formed

A

violet

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6
Q

(TP) Biuret reagent

A

Potassium hydroxide

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7
Q

what color is resulted from the reaction of the biuret method for total protein

A

Pink to reddish violet

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8
Q

In (TP) Dye Binding Method, Absorbance at ______ is used to determine the protein concentration

A

590nm

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9
Q

A quick alternative to chemical analysis of serum total protein where a rapid estimate is required

A

Refractometry

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10
Q

4 Total Protein Methods

A

Kjeldahl
Biuret
Dye Binding
Refractometry

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11
Q

Which Total Protein Method:

Digestion of protein; Measurement of nitrogen content

A

Kjeldahl

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12
Q

Which Total Protein Method:

Formulation of violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

A

Biuret

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13
Q

Total Protein - Albumin = ?

A

Globulin

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14
Q

Decrease in A/G ratio may be resulted by

A

Decreased Albumin or Increased Globulin

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15
Q

Elevated A/G ratio may be resulted by

A

Increased Albumin or Decreased Globulin

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16
Q

Globulins are separated from albumin by salting out, using sodium salt to precipitate globulins

A

Salt Fractionation

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17
Q

Most widely used method for determining albumin

A

Dye Binding

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18
Q

Absorbance of the albumin-dye complex is equal to?

A

Amount of Albumin

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19
Q

4 dyes used in Dye Binding for Measuring Protein Factors

A

Methyl Orange
2,4’ - hydroxyazobenzene-benzoic acid
Bromocresol Green
Bromocresol Purple

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20
Q

Dye used in Dye Binding for Measuring Protein Factors:

Not specific for albumin

A

Methyl Orange

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21
Q

Dye used in Dye Binding for Measuring Protein Factors:

Low sensitivity but more specific for albumin

A

2,4’-hydroxyazobenzene-benzoic acid

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22
Q

Dye used in Dye Binding for Measuring Protein Factors:

  • Not affected by interfering substances
  • Hemoglobin binds to it which can lead to falsely high albumin values
A

Bromocresol Green

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23
Q

Dye used in Dye Binding for Measuring Protein Factors:

Binds specifically to albumin

A

Bromoscresol Purple

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24
Q

Total Protein - Globulin = ?

A

Albumin

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25
Q

In Total Globulins, Glyoxylic acid condenses with tryptophan to produce what color

A

Purple

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26
Q

For when an abnormality in the total protein or albumin concentration is found

A

Electrophoresis

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27
Q

Electrophoresis:

Protein charge for when pH is greater than the isoelectric point

A

negative

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28
Q

Electrophoresis:

Protein charge for when pH is less than the isoelectric point

A

positive

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29
Q

The Anion protein will migrate to the?

A

Anode

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30
Q

The Cation protein will migrate to the?

A

Cathode

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31
Q

Electrophoresis:

What can be estimated from the difference between the isoelectric point of the protein and the pH of the buffer?

A

Speed of Migration

32
Q

In the electrophoretic mobility formula, what does “s” stand for

A

Distance traveled in centimeters

33
Q

In the electrophoretic mobility formula, what does “t” stand for

A

Time of migration in seconds

34
Q

In the electrophoretic mobility formula, what does “F” stand for

A

Field strength in velocity over centimeters

35
Q

Before, electrophoresis used an aqueous medium and was called?

A

Moving boundary electrophoresis

36
Q

Electrophoresis:

Supporting media in today’s clinical laboratories

A

Cellulose Acetate or Agarose Gel

37
Q

Electrophoresis:

Paper was used as a solid medium in a process known as?

A

Zone Electrophoresis

38
Q

4 methods for measuring protein factors

A

Salt Fractionation
Dye Binding
Total Globulin
Electrophoresis

39
Q

All major serum proteins carry a net charge at what pH

A

pH 8.6

40
Q

5 bands of Serum Protein Electrophoresis

A

Albumin
alpha 1-Globulin
alpha 2-Globulin
beta-Globulin
gamma-Globulin

41
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

band the travels farthest to the anode

A

Albumin

42
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

The number of proteins present in that fraction can be determined by the

A

Width on the band

43
Q

Dyes used in Serum Protein Electrophoresis

A

Ponceau S
Amido black
Coomassie Blue

44
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference percentage for Albumin

A

53% - 65%

45
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference percentage for a1-globulin

A

2.5% - 5%

46
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference percentage for a2-globulin

A

7% - 13%

47
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference percentage for b-globulin

A

8% - 14%

48
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference percentage for g-globulin

A

12% - 22%

49
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference concentration for Albumin

A

3.5 - 5.0 g/dL

50
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference concentration for a1-globulin

A

0.1 - 0.3 g/dL

51
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference concentration for a2-globulin

A

0.6 - 1.0 g/dL

52
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference concentration for b-globulin

A

0.7 - 1.1 g/dL

53
Q

Serum Protein Electrophoresis:

Reference concentration for g-globulin

A

0.8 - 1.6 g/dL

54
Q

Densitometric pattern that is indicates Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Disease

A

Monoclonal Increase

55
Q

Monoclonal Increase is aka

A

Gamma Spike

56
Q

Protein made in your liver to help protect the lungs

A

alpha-1-antitrypsin

57
Q

Inflammation densitometric pattern is also called an?

A

Acute Phase Reactant pattern

58
Q

Densitometric pattern:

↑ g-globulin

A

Monoclonal Increase

59
Q

Densitometric pattern:

↓ a1-gloublin

A

Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

60
Q

Densitometric pattern:

↓ Albumin
↑ a2-globulin
↑ b-globulin

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

61
Q

Densitometric pattern:

↓ Albumin
↑ a1-gloublin
↑ a2-globulin
↑ b-globulin

A

Inflammation

62
Q

Densitometric pattern:

↓ Albumin
beta-gamma bridge
↑↑ g-globulin

A

Cirrhosis

63
Q

High-Resolution Protein Electrophoresis has how many bands

A

12

64
Q

Collection of technique in which the separation of molecules takes place in silica capillaries

A

Capillary Electrophoresis

65
Q

Support Medium commonly used in High-Resolution Protein Electrophoresis

A

Agarose Gel

66
Q

Zone electrophoresis that separates proteins on the bases of isoelectric point

A

Isoelectric Focusing

67
Q

Isoelectric focusing used what medium

A

Polycrylamide or Agarose Gel

68
Q

Plasma proteins originating from the kidney and urinary tract or from other sources such as the vagina and prostate

A

Urinary Protein

69
Q

Urinary Protein (color):

  1. Absence of Protein =
  2. Increased concentration of protein =
A
  1. Yellow
  2. Blue
70
Q

Reference interval for CSF Protein for 10-40yrs old

A

14-45mg/dl

71
Q

Ref value for CSF albumin-serum albumin ratio

A

Less than 2.7 to 7.3

72
Q

Increased CSF albumin-serum albumin ratio

A

Damaged blood brain barrier

73
Q

Decreased CSF albumin-serum albumin ratio

A

Hyperthyroidism

74
Q

Incubator temperature

A

37 degrees Celsius

75
Q

Incubation time for Total Protein

A

10mins

76
Q

Incubation time for Total Albumin Ratio

A

1min

77
Q

Incubation time for Glucose Procdure

A

10min

ClinChem Lab 2ndYR 2ndSem Midterms (2 decks)

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