Amino Acids and other diagrams to memorize Flashcards
List the essential/nonessential amino acids
Essential
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Nonessential
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartate
- Cysteine
- Glutamate
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Draw Alanine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Alphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential
Draw Glycine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential
Draw Isoleucine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Leucine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Proline and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential
Draw Valine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Phenylalanine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aromatic, Hydophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Tryptophan and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aromatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Tyrosine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Aromatic, Polar, Nonessential
Draw Aspartic Acid (Aspartate) and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Acidic, Negatively Charged, Nonessential
Draw Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Acidic, Negatively Charged, Nonessential
Draw Arginine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Basic, Positively Charged, Nonessential
Draw Histidine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Basic, Positively Charged, Essential
Draw Lysine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Basic, Positively Charged, Essential
Draw Serine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Hydroxylic, Polar, Nonessential
Draw Threonine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Hydroxylic, Polar, Essential
Draw Cysteine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Sulfur-Containing, Polar, Nonessential
Draw Methionine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Sulfur-Containing, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential
Draw Asparagine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Amidic, Polar, Nonessential
Draw Glutamine and Include:
3 letter name
1 letter name
Category
Amidic, Polar, Nonessential
Draw the generic structure of a tripeptide at pH 7, label R groups R1, R2, R3. Draw Tripeptide Met-Phe-Ser at pH 7.
Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Adenine and Thymine.
Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Guanine and Cytodine.
Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Adenine and Uracil.
Draw ATP
Draw GTP
Draw diagram of the segmentation gene network hierarchy.
What are most genes in it?
How is it (mostly) regulated?
don’t need to include fly drawings, are just helpful
- Most genes are transcription factors
- regulation is almost entirely transcription factors, and is highly conserved.
Draw the eye disc fate cascade
- Sketch the eukaryotic replication fork, drawing the approximate location and geometry of DNA and the approximate location of the DNA polymerases, primase clamp loader, clamp and RPA. (4 points)
Just need to know the ones in bold
-
PCNA
- Sliding clamp
-
Polymerases:
- Polδ: Lagging strand
- Polε: leading strand
- GINS
- Protein complex with key role in assisting MCM with unwinding
-
MCM
- replicative helicase
- unwinds DNA
- Cdc45
- ATR, ATRIP, Chk1
- ATR works with ATRIP and binds to RPAs as a DNA damage checkpoint
- is activated in response to persistant single stranded DNA
- once activated, it phosphorylates Chk1, initiating signal that results in cell cycle arrest
- FPC, CLaspin, ANd1, RFC (RFC = clamp loader)
-
RPAs
- Replication protein A
- keeps ssDNA from winding back on itself or forming 2ndary structures
Please draw the basic reaction catalyzed by all proteases
- Draw the tripeptide Lys-Val-Asp (3 points)
- Draw the active site of a Cysteinprotease; Amino acid residues
Draw the p53 regulatory pathway
draw a diagram depicting the daf-2 signalling cascade
draw the mTORC signaling/nutrient sensing pathway
Draw diagram of translation cycle in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Draw a diagram depicting Hsp70 and GroEl in bacteria
Draw a diagram depicting how cells maintain homeostasis
Draw a diagram depicting a serine protease
draw a diagram depicting aspartic protease
draw a diagram depicting metallo protease
Draw a diagram depicting the ways that ubiquitin conjugation can regulate things
draw a diagram depicting mitotic recombination
Draw a diagram demonstrating the incretin effect
- IV in this case means glucose put directly into bloodstream
- PO means normal way, through gut
- when digested through gut, it puts glucose in bloodstream, but also sends out GIP and GLP-1 to stimulate insulin production, increasing efficiency
- GIP and GLP-1 not released when glucose directly injected via IV
Draw a diaram depicting a model for OriC control in prokaryotes
Draw a diagram depicting the deadenylation-dependent and independent RNA decay pathways
