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BC 5,6,7, PTGR > Amino Acids and other diagrams to memorize > Flashcards

Amino Acids and other diagrams to memorize Flashcards

1
Q

List the essential/nonessential amino acids

A

Essential

  1. Histidine
  2. Isoleucine
  3. Leucine
  4. Lysine
  5. Methionine
  6. Phenylalanine
  7. Threonine
  8. Tryptophan
  9. Valine

Nonessential

  1. Alanine
  2. Arginine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Aspartate
  5. Cysteine
  6. Glutamate
  7. Glutamine
  8. Glycine
  9. Proline
  10. Serine
  11. Tyrosine
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2
Q

Draw Alanine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Alphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential

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3
Q

Draw Glycine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential

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4
Q

Draw Isoleucine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

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5
Q

Draw Leucine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

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6
Q

Draw Proline and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Nonessential

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7
Q

Draw Valine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aliphatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

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8
Q

Draw Phenylalanine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aromatic, Hydophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

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9
Q

Draw Tryptophan and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aromatic, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

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10
Q

Draw Tyrosine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Aromatic, Polar, Nonessential

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11
Q

Draw Aspartic Acid (Aspartate) and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Acidic, Negatively Charged, Nonessential

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12
Q

Draw Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Acidic, Negatively Charged, Nonessential

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13
Q

Draw Arginine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Basic, Positively Charged, Nonessential

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14
Q

Draw Histidine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Basic, Positively Charged, Essential

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15
Q

Draw Lysine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Basic, Positively Charged, Essential

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16
Q

Draw Serine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Hydroxylic, Polar, Nonessential

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17
Q

Draw Threonine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Hydroxylic, Polar, Essential

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18
Q

Draw Cysteine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Sulfur-Containing, Polar, Nonessential

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19
Q

Draw Methionine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Sulfur-Containing, Hydrophobic/Nonpolar, Essential

20
Q

Draw Asparagine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Amidic, Polar, Nonessential

21
Q

Draw Glutamine and Include:

3 letter name

1 letter name

Category

A

Amidic, Polar, Nonessential

22
Q

Draw the generic structure of a tripeptide at pH 7, label R groups R1, R2, R3. Draw Tripeptide Met-Phe-Ser at pH 7.

A
23
Q

Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Adenine and Thymine.

A
24
Q

Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Guanine and Cytodine.

A
25
Q

Draw the Watson-Crick base pairing for Adenine and Uracil.

A
26
Q

Draw ATP

A
27
Q

Draw GTP

A
28
Q

Draw diagram of the segmentation gene network hierarchy.

What are most genes in it?

How is it (mostly) regulated?

A

don’t need to include fly drawings, are just helpful

  • Most genes are transcription factors
  • regulation is almost entirely transcription factors, and is highly conserved.
29
Q

Draw the eye disc fate cascade

A
30
Q
  1. Sketch the eukaryotic replication fork, drawing the approximate location and geometry of DNA and the approximate location of the DNA polymerases, primase clamp loader, clamp and RPA. (4 points)
A

Just need to know the ones in bold

  • PCNA
    • Sliding clamp
  • Polymerases:
    • Polδ: Lagging strand
    • Polε: leading strand
  • GINS
    • Protein complex with key role in assisting MCM with unwinding
  • MCM
    • replicative helicase
    • unwinds DNA
  • Cdc45
  • ATR, ATRIP, Chk1
    • ATR works with ATRIP and binds to RPAs as a DNA damage checkpoint
    • is activated in response to persistant single stranded DNA
    • once activated, it phosphorylates Chk1, initiating signal that results in cell cycle arrest
  • FPC, CLaspin, ANd1, RFC (RFC = clamp loader)
  • RPAs
    • ​Replication protein A
    • keeps ssDNA from winding back on itself or forming 2ndary structures
31
Q

Please draw the basic reaction catalyzed by all proteases

A
32
Q
  1. Draw the tripeptide Lys-Val-Asp (3 points)
A
33
Q
  1. Draw the active site of a Cysteinprotease; Amino acid residues
A
37
Q

Draw the p53 regulatory pathway

A
38
Q

draw a diagram depicting the daf-2 signalling cascade

A
39
Q

draw the mTORC signaling/nutrient sensing pathway

A
40
Q

Draw diagram of translation cycle in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A
41
Q

Draw a diagram depicting Hsp70 and GroEl in bacteria

A
42
Q

Draw a diagram depicting how cells maintain homeostasis

A
43
Q

Draw a diagram depicting a serine protease

A
44
Q

draw a diagram depicting aspartic protease

A
45
Q

draw a diagram depicting metallo protease

A
46
Q

Draw a diagram depicting the ways that ubiquitin conjugation can regulate things

A
47
Q

draw a diagram depicting mitotic recombination

A
48
Q

Draw a diagram demonstrating the incretin effect

A
  • IV in this case means glucose put directly into bloodstream
  • PO means normal way, through gut
  • when digested through gut, it puts glucose in bloodstream, but also sends out GIP and GLP-1 to stimulate insulin production, increasing efficiency
  • GIP and GLP-1 not released when glucose directly injected via IV
49
Q

Draw a diaram depicting a model for OriC control in prokaryotes

A
50
Q

Draw a diagram depicting the deadenylation-dependent and independent RNA decay pathways

A

BC 5,6,7, PTGR (12 decks)

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