Amino Acids, AA (Peptide Bonds), Sugars, Sugars (Polysaccharides) Flashcards
(26 cards)
How many amino acids are there (usually in proteins)
20 common alpha amino acids
How about in human body (amino acids)?
21 common amnio acids
How many major parts are there in amino acids and what are those?
3 major parts
amino group, r group, carboxyl group
amino and carboxyl group are attached to this
alpha carbon
Are being used to synthesize long
chain polymer
polypeptide (where amino a gets function)
AA is less than 50 (and are called peptide)
Short peptide
area called proteins
Longer polypeptides
Give some examples of polypeptides
Transport proteins (Albumin,
hemoglobin, myoglobin)
Structural proteins (Keratin and
collagen)
Enzymes - catalyst substance (hydrolases, ligases) isomerases (increases the rate of reaction)
bond connecting the amino
acids in the polypeptide
Amino acids: Peptide bonds
have covalent bonds between carbons
Peptide bonds
other term for peptide bonds
Amide bonds
determines its final 3-D shape and
therefore its biological functions.
r groups of polypeptide
monomers + monomer = (what by product)?
water
the most abundant organic molecules
in nature; and are called as carbohydrates
SUGARS
what are the function of sugars?
- Energy source
- Structural components (cells also
have sugar molecules) - Intercellular communication
basic unit of sugar and also known as simple sugar
Monosaccharides
2 functional groups of monosaccharides
a. Polyhydroxyl Aldehyde
b. Polyhydroxyl Ketone
Sugar containing an KETONE
KETOSE
Sugar containing an aldehyde
ALDOSE
most important sugar; main
source of energy
GLUCOSE
fast to metabolize; main sugars in fruits; exists in seminal fluid
FRUCTOSE
component of RNA and component of DNA
Ribose and Deoxyribose
A polymer containing a large amount
of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
energy storage molecule
in animals ; produced in the pancreas
GLYCOGEN
