Amino Acids Flashcards
What is the monomer of an protein?
Amino acid
How many naturally occuring amino acids are there?
20 naturally ocurring
What are proteins?
Polymers made of the monomers amino acids
What are proteins composed of?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
How many of the 20 amino acids essential?
9
What is an essential amino acid?
Amino acid that must be present in the diet as cannot be made.
How many amino acids are non-essential?
11
What is an non-essential amino acid?
Amino acid that do not have to be present in the diet as can be synthesized by the body
What is the process called where the body makes non-essential amino acids?
Transamination
What are first class proteins?
Proteins that provide all of the essential amino acids.
E.g meat
What are second class proteins?
Proteins that only provide some of essential amono acids
E.g. plant proteins
What is a polypeptide?
Single chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
What is a protein?
A molecule with a biological function made of one or more polypeptide chains
What is a conjugated protein?
A protein joined to a non-protein group called a prosthetic group. Without this prosthetic group a functional molecule isn’t formed
E.g. Myoglobin and Haemoglobin
What are the main functions of proteins?
Transport molecules across membranes Glycoproteins in membranes Enzymes Antibodies Clotting Haemoglobin Hormones
