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Biochem (boards) > Amino Acids > Flashcards

Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

how many amino acids incorporated into proteins

A

20

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2
Q

all but one amino acid exist in this type of form

A

L-form

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3
Q

which amino acid does not exist in the L-form

A

glycine

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4
Q

all AA can act as an Acid or base

we call this:

A

amphoteric

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5
Q

what is the pneumonic for the essential amino acids

A

PVT TIM HALL

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6
Q

list the essential amino acids

A 
phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan
threonine
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine
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7
Q

when is histidine essential

A

in a child but not an adult

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8
Q

what are the purely ketogenic amino acids

A

leucine and lysine

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9
Q

lysine is a precursor to

A

carnitine

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10
Q

what does carnitine do

A

takes FA into mitochondria for B-oxidation

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11
Q

the aromatic amino acids are

A

phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

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12
Q

the sulfur-containing amino acids are

A

cysteine
methionine
cystine

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13
Q

what is cystine

A

2 cysteines linked together

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14
Q

what doesn’t Glycine contain in order to exist in the “L-form”

A

a chiral carbon

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15
Q

what is a chiral carbon

A

different compounds at each binding site

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16
Q

what are the branched chain amino acids

A

valine
isoleucine
leucine

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17
Q

in which disease can they not break down branched chain AA

A

maple syrup urine disease

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18
Q

the acidic amino acids are

A 
aspartic acid (aspartate)
glutamic acid (glutamate)
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19
Q

FYI: aspartame contains aspartic acid= XS

A

neurotoxic

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20
Q

the basic amino acids are

A

histidine
lysine
arginine

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21
Q

when do basic amino acids have the greatest positive net charge

A

at NORMAL pH of blood

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22
Q

what is the limiting AA for wheat

A

lysine

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23
Q

what is the limiting AA for rice

A

lysine

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24
Q

what is the limiting AA for legumes

A

tryptophan

25
Q

what is the limiting AA for maize

A

lysine and tryptophan

26
Q

what is the limiting AA for pulses

A

methionine (or cysteine)

27
Q

what is the limiting AA for egg, chicken

A

none

the reference for absorbable protein

28
Q

explain the amino acid derivative for phenylalanine

A

Phenylalanine -> Tyrosine->L-dopa or T3, T4
L-Dopa->dopamine->norepinephrine->epinephrine
L-Dopa-> melanin

29
Q

deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxyls leads to

A

phenylketonuria (PKU)

30
Q

dopamine, norepinehprine, epinephrine are all

A

catecholamines

31
Q

what happens if body cannot convert L-Dopa into melanin

32
Q

what is the amino acid derivative for histidine

A

histidine->histamine

33
Q

what is the amino acid derivative for tryptophan

A

Tryptophan->Serotonin->Melatonin

Tryptophan->Niacin->Nicotinamide

34
Q

how man grams of protein does the body need for every 10 kilograms

35
Q

pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge (neutral)

A

isoelectric point

36
Q

an amino acid at its isoelectric point

A

zwitter ion

37
Q

tripeptide of Glycine + Glutamate + Cysteine

A

glutathione

38
Q

this is a mineral for enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase

39
Q

2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds

40
Q

insulin is not part of what?

A

animal cell membrane

but it helps glucose enter the cell

41
Q

give an example of a polypeptide hormone

A

insulin

glucagon

42
Q

give an example of a catecholamine

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

43
Q

give an example of a steroid

A

testosterone
cortisol
estrogen
progesterone

44
Q

the characteristic bond of all proteins is the

A

peptide bond

45
Q

what kind of bond is the peptide bond

A

amide bond

46
Q

what are aka’s for the peptide bond

A

C-N bond

Carboxyl-Amino bond

47
Q

how many protein structures are there

48
Q

what is a primary structure

A

linear sequence fo amino acids

49
Q

what is a secondary structure

A

alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

50
Q

in a secondary structure, what holds the structures together

A

hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

51
Q

give an example of secondary structures

A

fibrous protein’s collagen and silk

2 DNA strands together

52
Q

what is the tertiary structure

A

folding of a single polypeptide chain in solution

53
Q

what is the classic example of a globular protein with tertiary structure

54
Q

what kind of bonds exist in the tertiary structure

A

disulfide bonds

55
Q

what is the quaternary structure

A

association of two or more polypeptide chains to make a functional protein

56
Q

what is the classic example of a quaternary structure

A

hemoglobin(alpha2beta2)

57
Q

what bonds exist int eh quarternary structure

A

hydrogen and disulfide

58
Q

hemoglobin is also what type of compound

A

Allosteric compound

oxygen will change conformational shape

59
Q

what do disulfide bonds do

A

they connect the light and heavy chains of an antibody

Biochem (boards) (8 decks)

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