Amino Acids

Question 1

how many amino acids incorporated into proteins

Answer 1

20

Question 2

all but one amino acid exist in this type of form

Answer 2

L-form

Question 3

which amino acid does not exist in the L-form

Answer 3

glycine

Question 4

all AA can act as an Acid or base

we call this:

Answer 4

amphoteric

Question 5

what is the pneumonic for the essential amino acids

Answer 5

PVT TIM HALL

Question 6

list the essential amino acids

Answer 6

phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan
threonine
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

Question 7

when is histidine essential

Answer 7

in a child but not an adult

Question 8

what are the purely ketogenic amino acids

Answer 8

leucine and lysine

Question 9

lysine is a precursor to

Answer 9

carnitine

Question 10

what does carnitine do

Answer 10

takes FA into mitochondria for B-oxidation

Question 11

the aromatic amino acids are

Answer 11

phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryptophan

Question 12

the sulfur-containing amino acids are

Answer 12

cysteine
methionine
cystine

Question 13

what is cystine

Answer 13

2 cysteines linked together

Question 14

what doesn’t Glycine contain in order to exist in the “L-form”

Answer 14

a chiral carbon

Question 15

what is a chiral carbon

Answer 15

different compounds at each binding site

Question 16

what are the branched chain amino acids

Answer 16

valine
isoleucine
leucine

Question 17

in which disease can they not break down branched chain AA

Answer 17

maple syrup urine disease

Question 18

the acidic amino acids are

Answer 18

aspartic acid (aspartate)
glutamic acid (glutamate)

Question 19

FYI: aspartame contains aspartic acid= XS

Answer 19

neurotoxic

Question 20

the basic amino acids are

Answer 20

histidine
lysine
arginine

Question 21

when do basic amino acids have the greatest positive net charge

Answer 21

at NORMAL pH of blood

Question 22

what is the limiting AA for wheat

Answer 22

lysine

Question 23

what is the limiting AA for rice

Answer 23

lysine

Question 24

what is the limiting AA for legumes

Answer 24

tryptophan

Question 25

what is the limiting AA for maize

Answer 25

lysine and tryptophan

Question 26

what is the limiting AA for pulses

Answer 26

methionine (or cysteine)

Question 27

what is the limiting AA for egg, chicken

Answer 27

none | the reference for absorbable protein

Question 28

explain the amino acid derivative for phenylalanine

Answer 28

Phenylalanine -> Tyrosine->L-dopa or T3, T4 L-Dopa->dopamine->norepinephrine->epinephrine L-Dopa-> melanin

Question 29

deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxyls leads to

Answer 29

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 30

dopamine, norepinehprine, epinephrine are all

Answer 30

catecholamines

Question 31

what happens if body cannot convert L-Dopa into melanin

Answer 31

albinism

Question 32

what is the amino acid derivative for histidine

Answer 32

histidine->histamine

Question 33

what is the amino acid derivative for tryptophan

Answer 33

Tryptophan->Serotonin->Melatonin | Tryptophan->Niacin->Nicotinamide

Question 34

how man grams of protein does the body need for every 10 kilograms

Answer 34

8

Question 35

pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge (neutral)

Answer 35

isoelectric point

Question 36

an amino acid at its isoelectric point

Answer 36

zwitter ion

Question 37

tripeptide of Glycine + Glutamate + Cysteine

Answer 37

glutathione

Question 38

this is a mineral for enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase

Answer 38

selenium

Question 39

2 polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds

Answer 39

insulin

Question 40

insulin is not part of what?

Answer 40

animal cell membrane | but it helps glucose enter the cell

Question 41

give an example of a polypeptide hormone

Answer 41

insulin | glucagon

Question 42

give an example of a catecholamine

Answer 42

epinephrine | norepinephrine

Question 43

give an example of a steroid

Answer 43

testosterone cortisol estrogen progesterone

Question 44

the characteristic bond of all proteins is the

Answer 44

peptide bond

Question 45

what kind of bond is the peptide bond

Answer 45

amide bond

Question 46

what are aka's for the peptide bond

Answer 46

C-N bond | Carboxyl-Amino bond

Question 47

how many protein structures are there

Answer 47

4

Question 48

what is a primary structure

Answer 48

linear sequence fo amino acids

Question 49

what is a secondary structure

Answer 49

alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

Question 50

in a secondary structure, what holds the structures together

Answer 50

hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

Question 51

give an example of secondary structures

Answer 51

fibrous protein's collagen and silk | 2 DNA strands together

Question 52

what is the tertiary structure

Answer 52

folding of a single polypeptide chain in solution

Question 53

what is the classic example of a globular protein with tertiary structure

Answer 53

myoglobin

Question 54

what kind of bonds exist in the tertiary structure

Answer 54

disulfide bonds

Question 55

what is the quaternary structure

Answer 55

association of two or more polypeptide chains to make a functional protein

Question 56

what is the classic example of a quaternary structure

Answer 56

hemoglobin(alpha2beta2)

Question 57

what bonds exist int eh quarternary structure

Answer 57

hydrogen and disulfide

Question 58

hemoglobin is also what type of compound

Answer 58

Allosteric compound | oxygen will change conformational shape

Question 59

what do disulfide bonds do

Answer 59

they connect the light and heavy chains of an antibody