amino acids Flashcards
[basic structure]
- Amino acids are (?) and classified as (?)
- Peptide bond: formed when the (?) group of one amino acid links to the (?) group of another amino acid with the loss of a (?)
- (?): End of protein structure with a free amino group
- (?): End of protein structure with a free carboxyl group
- amphoteric, zwitterions
- carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), water molecule
- n-terminal
- c-terminal
[essential AA]
regulation of blood glucose, wound healing, and prevention of muscle protein degradation.
leucine
[non essential AA]
- Unlike other amino acids, it is not directly coded in the genetic code, rather it is encoded to UGA codon.
- Only one synthesized on its tRNA in all domains of life
- Only amino acid containing an essential dietary micronutrient (selenium) as a constitutive component
selenocysteine
[non essential AA]
- A pivotal compound in carbohydrate metabolism, into α-ketoglutarate. (GLYCOLYSIS).
- Major role in the transfer of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver for processing and excretion and strengthens the immune system by antibodies.
- Serves as a source of energy for the central nervous system
- Helps in reducing the buildup of toxic substances released when muscle protein is broken down.
alanine
[non essential AA]
Serve as the precursor for several other amino acids, such as asparagine, arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucin
aspartic acide/aspartate
[essential AA]
metabolic precursor for tyrosine- essential for the production of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
phenylalanine
[essential AA]
- helps to initiate the translation of messenger RNA, stabilizes protein structure, and important cellular antioxidant.
- It is an important source of sulfur for normal metabolism and growth.
- Assists in the breakdown of fats, and detoxifies lead and other heavy metals.
- Helps to diminish muscle weakness and prevents brittle hair
methionine
[conditionally essential AA]
- Serves as a precursor for adrenal and thyroid hormones.
- Stimulates metabolism and the nervous system, acts as a mood elevator and aids in function of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands
tyrosine
[conditonally essential AA]
- Essential for synthesis of nucleic acids, bile acids, proteins, peptides, purines, ATP, porphyrins, hemoglobin, glutathione, creatine, bile salts, glucose, glycogen, and other amino acids.
- Limits muscle degeneration, improves glycogen storage, promotes healing, detoxification in the liver.
glycine
[non essential AA]
- Plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia.
- The primary function is the conversion of one amino acid into another via amination or transamination.
asparagine
[essential AA]
- Production of antibodies and maintaining healthy tissues.
- Helps in the absorption and conservation of calcium.
- Serves an important role in the formation of collagen.
lysine
[essential AA]
- Metabolic precursor for serotonin and melatonin which regulate appetite, mood, sleep, and pain.
- Natural relaxant that helps alleviate insomnia, and soothes anxiety, and depression.
- Essential for the production of niacin.
tryptophan
[essential AA]
- PVT
- TIM
- HALL
(PRIVATE TIM HALL)
- phenylalanine, valine, threonine
- tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine
- histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine
[essential AA]
concentrated in muscle tissues and essential for wound healing, immune function, glucose hemostasis, and hemoglobin formation.
isoleucine
[essential AA]
- It helps to grow and repair body tissues.
- Maintain the myelin sheaths that protect nerve cells.
- Serve as the precursor for several hormones and metabolites essential to renal, gastric, and immune function.
- The synthesis of red and white blood cells and protects the body from heavy metal toxicity and serves as a source of carbon atoms for the synthesis of purines for DNA and RNA synthesis.
histidine
