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Biochemistry > amino acids > Flashcards

amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

how is the alpha carbon in an amino acid chiral

A

it has four substituent groups

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2
Q

what amino acids are aliphatic

A

alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine

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3
Q

what amino acids are aromatic

A

phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan

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4
Q

what amino acids are basic

A

histidine, lysine, arginine

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5
Q

what amino acids are positively charged

A

lysine and arginine

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6
Q

what amino acids are acidic

A

aspartic acid and glutamic acid

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7
Q

what amino acids are polar

A

cysteine, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine and histidine

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8
Q

what amino acids are negatively charged

A

aspartic acid and glutamic acid

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9
Q

what are the properties of aliphatic amino acids

A

greasy/lipidy
so are hydrophobic and found in the interior of a protein

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10
Q

what are the properties aromatic amino acids

A

the phenyl rings can stack due to
pie stacking
this creates different shapes and structure for functions

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11
Q

what are the specific properties of the aromatic amino acids tryptophan and tyrosine

A

they can form H bonds so are less hydrophobic than phenylalanine

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12
Q

what are the properties of positively charged amino acids

A

can associate with negatively charged and are hydrophilic

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13
Q

what are the properties of negatively charged amino acids

A

can associate with positively charged amino acids and are hydrophillic

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14
Q

what is the specific property of histidine

A

its a polar molecule so is hydrophilic but its overall charge is neutral

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15
Q

what is the property of polar amino acids

A

hydrophilic and uncharged

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16
Q

what is the specific property of cysteine

A

can form disulphide bridges for folding of proteins

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17
Q

what is the specific property of threonine

A

has an aliphatic structure so can associate with other aliphatic amino acids and contains OH groups which bond to polar amino acids or charged to give different shapes

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18
Q

what are the amino acids in the ‘Other’ group

A

glycine and proline

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19
Q

what are the properties of glycine

A

has no specific R group so is flexible as no steric hinderance

can form proteins with multiple conformations for different functions

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20
Q

what are the properties of proline

A

the R group is bonded to both the amine group and the alpha carbon forming a ring

this forms a kink in the chain changing the direction and adding rigidity to the protein

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21
Q

alanine

A

aliphatic

Ala
A

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22
Q

Valine

A

Aliphatic

Val
V

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23
Q

leucine

A

Aliphatic

Leu
L

24
Q

Isoleucine

A

Aliphatic

Ile
I

25
Q

Methionine

A

Aliphatic

Met
M

26
Q

Phenylalanine

A

Aromatic

Phe
F

27
Q

Tyrosine

A

Aromatic

Tyr
Y

28
Q

Tryptophan

A

Aromatic

Trp
W

29
Q

Histidine

A

Basic/Polar

His
H

30
Q

Lysine

A

Basic/+

lys
K

31
Q

Arginine

A

Basic/+

Arg
R

32
Q

aspartic acid

A

acidic/-

Asp
D

33
Q

Glutamic acid

A

acidic/-

Glu
E

34
Q

Cysteine

A

Polar

Cys
C

35
Q

serine

A

polar

ser
S

36
Q

threonine

A

polar

thr
T

37
Q

Asparagine

A

polar

Asn
N

38
Q

glutamine

A

polar

Gln
Q

39
Q

glycine

A

Other

Gly
G

40
Q

Proline

A

Other

Pro
P

41
Q

what are the general properties of amino acids

A

absorb light
changing ionisation states
chirality

42
Q

what amino acids absorb light

A

aromatic

43
Q

how do amino acids absorb light

A

pi bonds absorb light
due to photons matching the energy of the bonds

44
Q

how can light absorption be used to determine concentration of proteins

A

beer-lamberts law

45
Q

what absorption peak shows that there are proteins in a sample

A

280nm

46
Q

in low PH what happens to the amine and carboxyl group of an amino acid

A

both groups become protonated

NH3+
COOH

47
Q

in high PH what happens to the amine and carboxyl group of an amino acid

A

both groups are deprotonated

NH2
COO-

48
Q

at PH 7.4 what happens to the amine and carboxyl group of an amino acid

A

COO-
NH3+

49
Q

what is a Zwitter ion

A

amino acid at 7.4 PH
has a + and - group and overall charge cancels out

50
Q

what is the isoelectric point

A

The PH at which the molecule has no charge

  • different for each amino acid
  • dictates chemical properties
51
Q

what is a Chiral stereoisomer

A

a molecule that has the same bonds/atoms but a different spatial arrangement

forms 2 non-superimposable mirror images

52
Q

what differs in chiral stereoisomers

A

different shapes for different recognition sites

53
Q

What is the D and L stereoisomer system reference to

A

glyceraldehyde

54
Q

what is are the natural amino acids out of D or L

A

L

55
Q
A
56
Q
A

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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