Amino Acids Flashcards
List and briefly describe each level of protein structures
primary structure: Amino acid sequence
Secondary structure: alpha helix and beta sheets
Tertiary structure: folding over polypeptides
Quaternary Structure: multiple peptides folding on one another
Multiple protein complexes
T/F There can be 1 polypeptide=1 protein and multiple polypeptides=1 protein
True
What are the major categories of amino acids?
Acidic
Basic
Non polar
Uncharged polar
Why is the genetic code organized by groups
The groups help withstand some mutations
Peptide bonds
These are bonds that are formed between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and an amino group of another. As a result, a H2O is formed, which is why it is a condensation reaction
T/F.The R-group/side chain is not involved in a peptide bond
True
What are the ends of a protein structure
On one side, we have an amino end (n-terminus) and carboxyl end (C-terminus)
What forms and stabilizes the alpha helix
Amide and carboxyl bonds
Is the alpha helix double or single stranded?
Single
What are the two types of beta sheets?
Anti parallel and parallel
Which atoms are H-bonded?
Carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen of peptide backbone
What type of alpha helix is a coiled coil
These are amphipathic, super secondary structure
Where are amphipathic alpha helices found?
In alpha-keratin of hair
What holds the tertiary structure of proteins
Hydrophobic interactions, non-covalent bonds, and covalent disulfide bonds
Although Amino acids fold into a shape dictated by their amino sequence, what helps them make the process more efficient?
Chaperone proteins
