Amino Acid Metabolism Flashcards
The glucogenic amino acids’ catabolism yield which molecules?
Pyruvate, Oxaloacetate, alpha-ketogluterate, fumarate, succinyl-CoA,
The ketogenic amino acids’ catabolism yield which molecules?
Acetyl-CoA, Acetoacetate
Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?
Leucine and lysine
If there is a methionine deficiency what amino acid becomes conditionally essential?
Cysteine
If there is a phenylalanine deficiency what amino acid becomes conditionally essential?
Tyrosine
What vitamin is the precursor of tetrahydrofolate
Vitamin B9- Folic acid
What enzyme reduces folic acid to its active form?
Dihydrofolate reductase?
What is the action of Methotraxate?
It binds dihydrofolate reductase and competes with folate, so THF is not formed, which stops synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins
What conditions can folate deficiency lead to?
Megaloblastic anemia, anencephaly, spina bifida
What enzyme converts L-methionine to S-adenosylmethionine?
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase
What neurotransmitter synthesis requires SAM? What is the precursor? What is the structure resulting from SAM?
Epinephrine from norepinephrine yielding S-adenosylhomocysteine
What vitamin is biotin
B7
What kind of reaction is biotin used for?
Transfer of one carbon group in the form of CO2
What is the medical utility of Asparaginase? How does it work?
Anti-cancer drug for leukemia; Asparagine is essential for leukemia cells- asparaginase lowers levels of asparagine
What is the alpha-keto acid of alanine?
Pyruvate
What enzyme is deficient in homocystinuria?
Cystathione beta-synthase
