Amino acid functions + synthesis Flashcards
Current uses of amino acids
- Metabolism and energy production
- Disease understanding
- Drug design
- Cell signaling
- Nutritional health
Current uses of amino acids
- Metabolism and energy production
- Disease understanding
- Drug design
- Cell signaling
- Nutritional health
Future uses of amino acids
- Accurate diagnosis in clinical labs
- Treatment and management of metabolic disorders
- Molecular interactions - R-groups help with understanding enzyme mechanisms
- Protein engineering
- Enzyme catalysis
- Signal transduction pathways
What are the charges on amino acid structure
Carboxyl group is missing a H and has a negative charge
Amino group has an extra H and has positive charge
Amino acid classification groups
- Non-polar
- Polar
- Aromatic R groups
- Positively charged R groups
- Negatively Charged R groups
What are the 7 non-polar amino acids
- Glycine
- Alanine
- Valine
- Leucine
- Methionine
- Isoleucine
- Proline
What are the 5 polar amino acids
- Serine
- Threonine
- Cysteine
- Asparagine
- Glutamine
What is special about cysteine
Cysteine can make disulphide bonds with R-groups
In a redox reaction
Making cystine (different name)
What are the 3 aromatic amino acids
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- Tryptophan
What are characteristics of aromatic amino acids
- Benzene ring
- Can absorb UV radiation
- Hydrophobic
- Can be phosphorylated for signaling
What are the 3 positively charged amino acids acids
- Lysine
- Arginine
- Histidine
What are the 2 negatively charged amino acids
- Aspartate
- Glutamate
What does pl mean
- pl means isoelectric point
- It is the pH that make the aa have no charge
- Depends on the R-group
- pl is different for each aa or protein
What happens when pH < pl
- When the pH is lower than aa’s isoelectric point
- aa is positively charged
- because of the high H+ concentration binding to the COO- (carbonyl) group on aa
- leaving the NH3+ positive
What happens when pH > pl
- When the pH is higher than aa’s isoelectric point
- aa is negatively charged
- because of high OH- binding to NH3+
- leaving COO- negative
I feel younger basically naive around other people like m’s friends cus theyre all talking about something in code or something idk and it makes me feel like they don’t want me there but can’t say that. Or m doesn’t want me there. It makes me feel like shit and hate myself for coming. I thought he would be on his own. But he never is. He came down to get me with two other girls, who I’m friends with but I was shocked. Idk why I thought he’d be alone at the library. It’s a surprise that he’s in the library to begin with. I should’ve known he wouldn’t be alone. But with all his scape friends? I honestly did consider he’d be with someone, but someone to help with his assignment from class. He told me he was at the library but didn’t mention anyone else. Kind of shitty. Or is that just me. He’s here with one other guy and three girls. I’ve met all the girls they’re really nice and like me. I don’t understand why he didn’t just tell me. And I came unannounced cus i was nearby (at Aimee’s). And he just left 15mins after i came. Left for 30 mins. Should I leave. I’d rather he tell me he’s at the library and doesn’t want me to come. Fuck maybe i should leave. No I’ll wait for him to come back. And never mention any of this cus i never mention anything. Is it just me or is it strange he’d rather go for a walk with his friends for 30 mins into town to go to tesco cus 1 person wanted something than do work in the library with me next to him. I’m thinking to much right. I always think too much. It’s always nothing to worry about. I just feel stupid. He did ask me if could go. COULD GO. He wanted to. I said yes idm. Ofc i said yes. I always say yes. I feel like I shouldn’t say no. I can’t. I can’t dictate his life. That’s what it feels like. And because of that i feel even more like a fool. But if i said no he’d be sad and beg maybe, In front of a friend. I’d feel like a mom not letting their kid out to play with his friends, cruel, selfish. Ugh i hate myself
Process of nitrogen fixing in prokaryotes archaea
- Glutamate dehydrogenase attaches ammonia NH4+ to alpha-ketoglutarate and NADPH
- Making glutamate and NADP+ and H2O
- Enzyme glutamine synthetase adds phosphate group to glutamate using ATP
- Making intermediate
- Glutamine synthesis replaces the phosphate group with ammonia NH4+ on intermediate
- Making glutamine
What does nonessential amino acids mean
We can make the aa ourselves
What does conditionally essential amino acid mean
Required to some degree in young, growing animals or sometimes during illness
What does essential amino acid mean
We cannot make ourselves in our body
Need from outside like food
