amines Flashcards
functional group
NH2
primary amine
1 H replaced by an alkyl group
secondary amine
2 Hs replaced by alkyl groups
tertiary amine
3 Hs replaced by alkyl groups
how are amines able to act as bases
lone pair on N accept a p(H+) and from a diative/ coordinate bond
how do amines form salts
by neutralising inorganic acids- HCl, H2SO4
aliphatic amine
straight chain
state and exp essential conditions for formation of 1’ amines
ethanol used as solvent- prev sub of h.alkane by h2o to form alcohol
XS NH3- reduce further sub of amine group to form 2’ and 3’ amines
why can NH3 act as a nucleophile
lone pair of e on N
how are 1’ amines formed
sub reaction with h.alkane, forming ammonium salt. then aq alkali added 2 gen amine from salt
why is the formation of 1’ amines unsustainable for making pure 1’ amine
product still contains lone pair of e on N
how can 2’ and 3’ amines be formed
reaction between h.alkane with a 1’ amine
reaction continues to form a 3’ amine as 2’ formed reacts w/h.alkane
how are aromatic amines formed
nitrobenzene heated under rflux with tin and hcl to form an ammonium salt which then reacts with XS NaOH to prod phenylamine
is phenyl amine more/ less basic than methylamine exp your answer
less basic as lp on N in phenylamine is delocalised into ring so less likely to accept an e
explain why methylamine readily dissolves in water an a dilute sol has a pH of approx 11
amine diss as lp on N can H-bond to electro+ve H atoms in water
lp on N means methylamine can accept p from water causing pH greater than 7
what do tin and hcl act as in the formation of aromatic arenes
reducing agent
what type of a reaction results in a nitrobenzene forming an amino benzene
reduction
strength of IMF compared to alcohols
weaker bc N less electronegative than O
IMF
hydrogen bonds
quatenary structure
ion
how do they act as nucleophiles
form bond with electron deficient carbon- donate lp from N
amine and water/H+
ammonium ion
what must an amine have to be the strongest base
greatest e density around N atom, making it better e donor- attarcts p more
how would you maximise yield of 1’ amine
use XS ammonia
how to name
amino……./…….amine
