amines Flashcards
functional group
NH2
primary amine
1 H replaced by an alkyl group
secondary amine
2 Hs replaced by alkyl groups
tertiary amine
3 Hs replaced by alkyl groups
how are amines able to act as bases
lone pair on N accept a p(H+) and from a diative/ coordinate bond
how do amines form salts
by neutralising inorganic acids- HCl, H2SO4
aliphatic amine
straight chain
state and exp essential conditions for formation of 1’ amines
ethanol used as solvent- prev sub of h.alkane by h2o to form alcohol
XS NH3- reduce further sub of amine group to form 2’ and 3’ amines
why can NH3 act as a nucleophile
lone pair of e on N
how are 1’ amines formed
sub reaction with h.alkane, forming ammonium salt. then aq alkali added 2 gen amine from salt
why is the formation of 1’ amines unsustainable for making pure 1’ amine
product still contains lone pair of e on N
how can 2’ and 3’ amines be formed
reaction between h.alkane with a 1’ amine
reaction continues to form a 3’ amine as 2’ formed reacts w/h.alkane
how are aromatic amines formed
nitrobenzene heated under rflux with tin and hcl to form an ammonium salt which then reacts with XS NaOH to prod phenylamine
is phenyl amine more/ less basic than methylamine exp your answer
less basic as lp on N in phenylamine is delocalised into ring so less likely to accept an e
explain why methylamine readily dissolves in water an a dilute sol has a pH of approx 11
amine diss as lp on N can H-bond to electro+ve H atoms in water
lp on N means methylamine can accept p from water causing pH greater than 7
