Amines Flashcards
define an amine
a nitrogen containing compound derived from ammonia, that contains one or more alkyl or aryl groups
what is an aryl group
an aromatic group
give two synthetic pathways of making butylamine
1) nuceophilic sub of 1-bromobutane with ammonia.
2) nucleophilic sub of 1-bromopropane with KCN –> then reduction with LiAlH4
what two ways can amines be prepared
- nucleophlic sub with ammonia
- reduction of nitriles
why is excess ammonia used in substitution reactions
to ensure the main product is primary amines
name the reducing agent used for reduction of nitriles
LiAlH4, in ether
how can you get phenylamine from phenylammonium chloride?
neutralise using NaOH
what are aromatic amines used for
manufacture of dyes
give an alternative reducing agent that can be used the reduction of nitro compounds to aromatic amines
hydrogen and a nickle catalyst
what is a bronsted lowrey acid
a proton donor
what does the strength of amines as bases depend on
the strength of the base depends on the availability o the lone pair on the nitrogen atom. The availability of the lone depends on the how much electron density is on the nitrogen atom, which depends on the number of number of alkyl groups
what effect do alkyl groups have on the nitrogen atom in amines?
the alkyl groups push electron density towards the nitrogen atom. This is known as the inductive effect.
Why does a greater ability of the lone pair make the amine a better base?
the amine is more able to donate the lone pairs, acting as a lewis base
what name is given to the positive charge on the nitrogen atom, that makes it be attracted to negatively charged surfactants?
cationic surfactants- this property makes the compounds useful in shapoos and anti-static agents
name the compound (CH3CH2)2NH
diethyl amine or ethyl ethanamide
