Amines Flashcards
how do you name amines
-amine or - amino-
why are amines so reactive
the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen due to the polar N-H bond
what shape are amines around the N
trigonal pyramidal
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intermolecular forces
hydrogen bonding due to polar N-H bond and lone pair of electrons
what state are amines at 298K
short chains gases
longer are volatile liquids
what do they smell of
fish
which primary amines are soluble in water/alcohols
up to 4 carbon atoms
s they can hydrogen bond to water molecules
solubility of phenylamine
not very
non polarity of the benzene ring
when do amines act as a base
when they bond with H+
when do amines act as a nucleophile
when the bond with an electron-deficient C atom
what is the product from the basic action of an amine with water
RNH3+ which forms a salt with an anion
how could you regenerate the soluble amine from the ammonium salt
add a strong base which removes H+ ions from ammonium ion
in order to be the strongest base, what must a particular amine have
greatest electron density around the N atom, making it a better electron pair donor
what does positive/negative inductive effect mean
positive inductive effect = donate electrons, increase density around N
negative … = removes electrons, decrease density around N
what effect do alkyl groups have on electron density and base strength
positive inductive effect- increase electron density around N so a stronger base
