aldehydes and ketones

Question 1

what is the carbonyl group

Answer 1

C = O

Question 2

what is the functional group and general formula for an aldehyde

Answer 2

RCHO

Question 3

what is the functional group for a ketone

Answer 3

RCOR’

Question 4

how do you name aldehydes

Answer 4

-al

Question 5

how do you name ketones

Answer 5

-one

Question 6

what kind of intermolecular forces do molecules with the carbonyl group have

Answer 6

permanent dipole-dipole due to the polar C=O

Question 7

how soluble are they in water

Answer 7

yes, form hydrogen bonds between water molecules and oxygen of C=O
as C chain length increases, solubility decreases

Question 8

which bond is usually involved in reactions

Answer 8

C=O due to the polarity of the bond

Question 9

why is the addition of HCN important

Answer 9

increases the length of the carbon chain by one carbon atom

Question 10

will the product of HCN added to a carbonyl compound have optical isomers

Answer 10

yes as the CN- can attack from either above or below

Question 11

what is the name of the product when HCN is added to a carbonyl compound

Answer 11

hydroxynitriles

Question 12

what is Fehling’s solution

Answer 12

copper complex ions

blue

Question 13

what happens when an aldehyde is added to fehling’s solution

Answer 13

reduced to Cu+ ions

brick red ppt

Question 14

what happens when a ketone is added to fehlings solution

Answer 14

stays blue

Question 15

what is in tollen’s reagent

Answer 15

silver complex ions

colourless

Question 16

what happens when an aldehyde is added to tollen’s reagent

Answer 16

silver mirror forms as Ag+ reduced to Ag

Question 17

what happens when a ketone is added to tollens reagent

Answer 17

no visible change

Question 18

name an oxidising agent for alcohols and aldehydes

Answer 18

potassium dichromate
H2SO4
orange to green

Question 19

what is a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones

Answer 19

NaBH4

releases H- ions