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Naval 202 > American Revolution > Flashcards

American Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

What year was the Boston Massacre

A

1770

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1
Q

Causes of the war

A
  • Seven Year’s War (1754-1763)
  • Boston Massacre – 1770
  • Boston Tea Party – 1773
  • Lexington and Concord – 1775
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2
Q

Boston Tea Party year?

A

1773

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3
Q

Lexington & concord year?

A

1775

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4
Q

Seven year war?

A

1754-1763

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5
Q

Results of the seven year war?

A

Revenue act of 1764
Stamp Act of 1765
•Townshend Acts of 1767

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6
Q

British Advantages

A

-large economy
–Well established government - Constitutional Monarchy
–Professional, regular, standing Army
–Large Royal Navy (although challenged for supremacy by French Navy)

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7
Q

Disadvantages for the British

A

–Long Lines of Communication

–Fighting on “Foreign” Soil

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8
Q

What was wrong with the British navy?

A

Built to fast during 7 year war

  • maintenance cost were immense
  • corruption of funds
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9
Q

Colonist advantage?

A

–Fighting on “Home Turf”
–Ready market of resources
–Conviction of purpose

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10
Q

Colonist disadvantage?

A

–Economy designed to support Britain in mercantilist system
–Disunity - Loyalists Tories make up one third of population
–Weak central government: Continental Congress

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11
Q

British strategy

A

Command the seas

  • blockade ports
  • transport troops to rebel area
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12
Q

What was Hudson River so important

A
  • hotbed of rebel activity

- so they cutoff New England from middle and southern colonies

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13
Q

Colonist strategy

A

War of attrition

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14
Q

What does attrition

A

Wear down the British and hold out as long as you could

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15
Q

What was Americas dipolomacy

A

Gain European allies with large navies - France

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16
Q

What is Commerce Raiding?

A

–Privateering  tactic of weaker Navy

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17
Q

What does guerre de course mean

A

Stay on course

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18
Q

Siege of Boston how many British and colonist

A

–16,000 American militiamen, short of supplies

10,000 British regulars, nearly continuous supplies

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19
Q

Washington’s Navy?

A

Commissioned ships for guerre de course

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20
Q

Navy birthday

A

13 October 1775

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21
Q

Marine corps bday

A

10 November 1775

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22
Q

Who was the first commandant of the marine core and navy

A

Samuel Nicholas

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23
Q

Navy Committee established when?

A

d 13 Oct 1775

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24
Q

Navy committee created how many frigates

A

13

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25
Q

What happen to the 13

A

–2 lost in NY, 3 lost in Philadelphia, 2 lost in Charleston

–7 actually got to sea but were later destroyed or captured

26
Q

Why British able to evacuate boston

A
  • British evacuate unopposed via harbor

* Free use of seas allows unopposed coastal attack, evacuation and re-supply from sea.

27
Q

What set stage for Saratoga

A

•Americans defeat and capture General “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne in upstate New York.
•Turning point of the war.
–French enter the war as America’s ally (economically and militarily).
•French Navy: 80 ships of the line.
–Small American rebellion becomes a major world war
–Improved leadership, technology and possibility of retribution
•Great Britain faces multiple enemies:
–1775 American Colonies
–1778 France and Spain
–1780 Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Prussia, Austria, and Portugal form an Armed Neutrality.

28
Q

What was important about the Virginia cape?

A
  • True guerre de escadre
  • Strict adherence to formal tactics hastens a British defeat, French forgo defensive tactics
  • Siege of Cornwallis and his forces at Yorktown.
  • Washington finally has naval superiority which he has been waiting for since early in the war.
29
Q

Treaty that ended american revolution

A

Treaty of Paris 1783

30
Q

What is the BR

A

The ship who took on the the Serapis leading to a major naval victory in the war.

31
Q

Close ally in war

A

France

32
Q

Navigation act?

A

Made that all goods coming from the Americas had to come through England first

33
Q

Document authorized creation of navy

A

Constitution of 1789

34
Q

Strengths of federalist

A 
•Led by Alexander Hamilton
–Secretary of Treasury
•They represented commercial interest of the Northeast
•They wanted a permanent Strong Navy
•A navy would protect trade
35
Q

Strengths of republicans

A 
Republicans
•Led by Thomas Jefferson
–Secretary of State
•Represented artisans & landowners of the South and inland areas
•A national Navy was:
–Aristocratic
–Expensive
–Imperialistic
•A national navy was not needed, could hire a fleet
36
Q

Xyz affair of 1794

A
  • Commissioners met with a Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer (“X”) who stated that in order to open negotiaitons the French government wanted a large loan and Talleyrand wanted a 50,000 pound bribe. The commissioners rejected this offer.
  • Hottinguer (“X”) then introduced the commissioners to Pierre Bellamy (“Y”).
  • Bellamy expounded on Talleyrand’s demands and suggested as to how to launder the money. Americans offered to send one of the commissioners back to the United States for instructions if France would suspend seizing American shipping; they refused.
  • Talleyrand then sent Lucien Hauteval (“Z”) to again attempt to procure a bribe; again the demands were refused.
37
Q

Naval act of 1794

A

–Authorized reactivation and permanent standing Navy.
–Authorized the construction of six frigates that could outgun any British or French Frigate and out run any ship of the line.

38
Q

Big ship designer

A

•Designed and built by Joshua Humphreys.

39
Q

Treaty ended quasi war

A

•Treaty of Mortefontaine 1801

40
Q

Jeffersons naval policy one word

A 
–Cuts funds
•Officer corps reduced
•Officer pay reduced
–Sells all ships but 13 frigates
•7 laid up in reserve
–Adopted defensive navy; “gunboat” diplomacy
•Gunboats, forts and artillery for coastal defense
•Small cruising frigates
–Advantages and disadvantages
41
Q

How many wars made up the Barbary wars

A

2 first counter piracy

42
Q

How many ship groups sent

A

2 groups 1st 2nd squadron

43
Q

Name of commodore who got most done

A

Stephen Decatur

44
Q

Phildelphia

A
  • Not wanting the powerful Frigate to be re-floated by the pirates, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur volunteered to destroy her.
  • Taking a volunteer crew on a suicide mission Decatur sailed the ketch, INTREPID, into Tripoli Harbor disguised as a local merchant vessel.
  • On 16 Feb 1804 claiming she had lost her anchors INTREPID was able to convince the pirate guards onboard PHILADELPHIA to allow her to come alongside. They quickly get on board and destroy it left unhurt
45
Q

Important marine battle during Barbary war

A

•Marine Lieutenant Presley O’Bannon commanded a detachment of Marines and made his base of operations Alexandria, Egypt.
•Diplomat William Eaton named himself General and Commander of expedition.
•Recruited 500 Greek and Arab mercenaries.
•On March 6th 1805 the force set out for Derne, 600 miles west of Alexandria.
First marine win on foreign soul

46
Q

Two causes of war of 1812

A
  • British at were war with France since 1803.
  • America merchants enjoy unprecedented prosperity as the only major neutral trader
  • British stir up Indian tribes in America
  • British begin to seize U.S. ships to “search” for British deserters
  • Neutral rights was the key issue
47
Q

Order of council what did they do?

A
  • “Executive Orders” passed in January 1807, November 1807, and April 1809
  • Restricted neutral trade and enforced a naval blockade of Napoleonic France and its allies.
  • All shipment to stop in English ports to be checked for military supplies that could have aided France. Ships that did not stop to be checked at English ports were liable to British seizure.
  • Order repealed two days prior to Congress’s Declaration of War.
48
Q

Chesapeake leopord affair

A
  • CHESAPEAKE commanded by Commodore James Barron.
  • LEOPARD commanded by Captain Salusbury Humphreys.
  • LEOPARD stopped and requested that CHESAPEAKE muster their crew to locate any deserters.
  • Barron refused and Humphreys placed a shot across CHESAPEAKE’s bow followed by three broadsides.
  • Barron surrendered however Humphreys refused the surrender and searched for deserters instead.
49
Q

British strategy of 1812

A

–Blockade on US Ports to hurt US economy and bottle up US Fleet.
–Raid American Coast at will
–Take Northwest territory and New Orleans as bargaining leverage

50
Q

American strategy

A

–Repulse British Attacks

–Capture British holdings in Canada

51
Q

United States naval policy

A

They were sent out in two squadrons as apposed to single ship movement

52
Q

Britisher burned Washington, D.C.?

A

Yes

53
Q

Who was Oliver hazard perry

A

Navy commador and commander

54
Q

Battle flag ship

A

Don’t give up this ship

55
Q

Treaty ended war of 1813

A

Treaty of ghent

56
Q

Squadron 6 know some of them

A 
Mediterranean
–West Indies Squadron
–Brazil Squadron
–Pacific Squadron
–East Indies Squadron
–African Squadron
57
Q

Wilkes expedition did?

A
  • Gathered significant amount of scientific knowledge
  • Charted Fiji, Samoa, Gilberts, Antarctica, and North American West and Northwest Coast
  • The expedition recognized the strategic and trade importance of San Francisco and whole West Coast
  • Natural science collections became basis of Smithsonian Institute collections
  • Brought Navy favorable publicity
58
Q

Path finder of the sea

A

Mattew f Maury

59
Q

Burea of the navy 1842

A

•Five “bureaus” established to replace the Board of Commissioners in 1842.
–Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks
–Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography
–Bureau of Construction, Equipment, and Repair
–Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
–Bureau of Provisions and Clothing

60
Q

Commander perry opened up trade in japan true or false

A

True

61
Q

Father of naval ordinance

A

John dahlgreen

62
Q

Treaty of Mexican war

A

Treaty of Guadalupe hildalgo

Naval 202 (6 decks)

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