American Heritage Deck #1

Question 1

¥ Tenochtitlan (who lived there? where did they come from?)

Answer 1

o Aztec city in Mexico
o Destroyed by Hernan Cortes.
o Land bridge? Bering strait? We aren’t sure.

Question 2

¥ Indian views of property (how did they conceive of property? In contrast to the Europeans?)

Answer 2

o Land was a common resource

Question 3

¥ Indian freedom (how did Native Americans’ view of freedom differ from the European view of liberty as “personal independence”?)

Answer 3

with land and resources there was a commonality amongst the people.
o Indians had no kind of superiority. Where in Europe had a monarchy

Question 4

Zheng He (why did Zheng He not feel the need to explore Westward and create a worldwide empire?)

Answer 4

o The Chinese were more interested in land-based conquest (power). They didn’t feel a need to expand.
o Zheng He’s boss died
o Used ships’ resources to build the Great Wall
o In 1433 the government stopped supporting long distance expeditions.

Question 5

Bartolomew Dias (who was he? What was the significance of his voyage to the Cape of Good Hope?)

Answer 5

o First European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa
o Portuguese sailor, first european to go to the tip of Africa. He showed it is possible to sail to india around Africa.
o showed Europeans there was a feasible route to India around the storm-driven southern tip of Africa

Question 6

“Reconquista” (what is this word? What important event in Europe does this refer to?)

Answer 6

o Spanish and Portuguese word for “Reconquest”
o Christian kingdoms slowly expanded themselves over the Iberian Peninsula
o Reconquest of Spain from the Moors, (African Muslims)

Question 7

Hernan Cortes (why is he important in the story of the “American Heritage”? Hint: see p. 17)

Answer 7

o Established the Tenochtitlan and conquered the Aztec City

Question 8

Las Casas (what was the purpose of Las Casas’s writings? What effect did they have?)

Answer 8

o priest who wrote about the Black Legend
o His writing denounced Spain for causing death of millions of innocent people and for denying Indians their freedom.
o He contributed to the spread of Black Legend.

Question 9

Encomienda (what is this system?)

Answer 9

o Under the encomienda system, conquistadors and other leaders (encomenderos) received grants of a number of Indians, from whom they could exact “tribute” in the form of gold or labor. The encomenderos were supposed to protect and Christianize the Indians granted to them, but they most often used the system to effectively enslave the Indians and take their lands.
o They tricked them into working by saying that it would bring them salvation.

Question 10

Black Legend (why did this story inspire other Europeans to settle in North America?)

Answer 10

o To challenge Spain’s dominance as an international power

Question 11

What happened at Roanoke? (what did the English learn?)

Answer 11

o They disappeared because of poor planning and lack of economic resources
o The settlement failed
o “To establish a successful colony, it seemed clear, would require more planning and economic resources than any individual could provide.” pg. 41

Question 12

Richard Hakluyt (how did his writings encourage the English to go to the New World?)

Answer 12

o Listed 23 reasons that Queen Elizabeth should support the establishment of colonies
o Expressed ideas that English settlements would strike blow against Spain’s empire and form mission to rescue the New World from influence of Catholicism and tyranny

Question 13

Indentured servant (what is an indentured servant? How is it different from slavery?)

Answer 13

o Volunteered to be slaves in exchange for free passage. (7 years)
o After promised (5-7 years) time, they were free

Question 14

14. Jamestown (when was it settled? What were its problems? How did the colony survive?)

Answer 14

1607, Disease and lack of food. Rigorous Military discipline, John Smith: “He that will not work, shall not eat” also with tobacco crop, and headright system (giving land to people)

Question 15

What was one of the major negative effects of the spread of tobacco?

Answer 15

o Indentured servants having freedom later in their life which inhibited the reproduction growth of the colony.

Question 16

Puritanism (what did Puritans reject about the Catholic Church? Why were the Puritans unsatisfied with the Protestant Reformation?)

Answer 16

o Structure of Catholic religious authority

o It was not progressing fast enough

Question 17

. “A City Upon a Hill” (what is this image meant to represent?)

Answer 17

o An example to the rest of the world of godliness and piety

Question 18

John Winthrop (who was he?)

Answer 18

o He was an English Puritan lawyer

Question 19

Mayflower Compact (this is the first written ________ in what is now the United States. Fill in the blank)

Answer 19

o The first frame of government.

Question 20

Roger Williams (what was William’s attitude toward religious toleration?)

Answer 20

o He believed that the state should have no role in religion and citizens should be able to practice whatever religion they want.

Question 21

The Trials of Anne Hutchinson (what were her criticisms of Puritan leaders? What happened to Anne Hutchinson?)

Answer 21

She believed that they were preaching incorrectly, by saying that the saved were separated from the damned from things like church attendance and moral behavior rather than their inner state of grace. (pg. 61)Preordination. She was exiled to new york, and was killed by Indians.

Question 22

English Civil War (who was it between? How did it affect the colonies?)

Answer 22

o It was between the British Parliament and the monarchs James I and Charles I.
o It divided the colonies both religiously and politically
o England focused on itself instead of the colonies for about 20 years

Question 23

Mercantilism (what are the key tenets of mercantilism?)

Answer 23

o Government regulates economy to strengthen national power.
o *Export more manufactured goods than raw importation. (export more than they import)

Question 24

Navigation Act (how is the Navigation Act an example of mercantilism?)

Answer 24

o It restricts trade between the colonies.

Question 25

William Penn (what was Penn’s vision for Pennsylvania? Why did he call it a “holy experiment”?)

Answer 25

o Religious freedom and universal entitlement.

Question 26

Origins of American slavery (what was the difference between slavery among Native Americans and plantation slavery?)

Answer 26

o Spanish enslaved Native Americans was smaller scale and less organized while plantation slavery was much more organized and larger scale

Question 27

Indentured servitude (what is it?)

Answer 27

o Settler who agreed to sign on for temporary servitude in exchange for passage to the New World.

Question 28

How did Sugar affect the growth of slavery in America?

Answer 28

o Slavery developed slowly.
o More African slaves coming to the new world.
Cost of slaves was higher than indentured servants

Question 29

Bacon’s Rebellion (what was it? who between? Why did the rebellion lead to a shift away from indentured servitude?)

Answer 29

o Dispute over land.

o Conflict between the Virginian elite.

Question 30

Glorious Revolution (when did this happen? see p. 87. Why was it important? hint: Bill of Rights, see bottom of pg. 87-88)

Answer 30

o “lack of representation.”

o When king James II was overthrown.

Question 31

Salem Witch Trials (how did people interpret the Salem trials? Your book says it became a “byword” for (Fanaticism and Persecution). Fill in the blank)

Answer 31

o discredited the tradition of prosecuting witches, encouraged scientific explanations for natural events (pg. 90)
o Fanaticism and Persecution

Question 32

Seven Years War (who was it between?)

Answer 32

o French/Indians war

o Nine years long

Question 33

Seven Years War: why is it considered a major cause of the American Revolution?

Answer 33

o Churchill called it the first world war

o British kicked the French out of North America

Question 34

American Revolution (in what way did it have worldwide significance?

Answer 34

It was of worldwide significance because it demonstrated the defiance of tyrants and displayed the meaning of independence.

Question 35

Virtual representation (what is the justification for this idea? How would you argue against it?)

Answer 35

o What it was: A member of parliament would represent the colonists in parliament rather than an actual colonist
o Justification: The English believed that each member represented the entire empire so the english argued that every member of parliament represented the colonies
o Argument against: None of the members of parliament actually lived in the colonies. So don’t truly understand the status of various affairs

Question 36

Writs of assistance (what were they? What was its significance according to John Adams?)

Answer 36

These were general search warrants that allowed customs officials to search anywhere the chose for smuggling goods.
-According to John Adams, James Otis stated that this act was a violation of the constitution (english constitution), and Adams said “American Independence was then and there born”)

Question 37

Stamp Act: why was it a bad idea? (name at least 3 reasons)

Answer 37

o	Imposed without colonial consent
o	It's offensive to everyone
o	Includes dice and cards tax
o	Includes legal documents tax
o	A dangerous precedent

Question 38

Stamp Act v. Sugar Act: how are they different? (who were affected the most by each?)

Answer 38

The Stamp Act affected the most people, because everybody use paper. Nevertheless, sugar is luxury item that exclusively for rich people.

Question 39

The Liberty Tree (what happened? what were the intended effects of the hanging of the effigy?)

Answer 39

o They hung a doll that was an effigy of a tax collector, meant to scare the British from collecting taxes

Question 40

Sons of Liberty (who were they? what was their mission?)

Answer 40

o a secret organization of men (mostly laborers, artisans, mechanics, etc.)
o original goal was to repeal the Stamp Act, which eventually turned into a goal of independence

Question 41

Boston riots (cause?)

Answer 41

Lack of representation in England, and taxing.

Question 42

Declaratory acts (meaning?)

Answer 42

o symbol of american resistance (by producing homespun clothes instead of relying on british imports)

Question 43

Daughters of liberty (what do they symbolize?)

Answer 43

o symbol of american resistance (by producing homespun clothes instead of relying on british imports)

Question 44

Non-importation (purpose?)

Answer 44

o refusal to import british goods. boycotting.

Question 45

Boston Massacre (how did the news of the massacre spread and how did this affect the future of the colonies?)

Answer 45

o Postal service spread it, Everything was effected by spreading faster news all through the american revolution.
- The Use of Night-riders

Question 46

Tea Act (when was it? and what followed it?)

Answer 46

o The Boston Tea party, May 10, 1773. The Revolutionary movement to Boston.

Question 47

Who said, “The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American”?

Answer 47

o Patrick Henry

Question 48

What is the philosophy of “natural rights” (how is it different from “historical rights”)?

Answer 48

o Life, liberty and property (the pursuit of happiness)

Question 49

What does the phrase, “an ass for a lion” refer to? (which source? what is the moral of the story?) Pg. 152-153, 156-157

Answer 49

o The source came from Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” (1776)
o The position of the king (or lion) being filled by an idiot (Ass). This was pulled from the story “The ass in the Lion’s Skin”

Question 50

Battle of Trenton (how did Washington’s victory at Trenton change attitudes toward the war?) (see p. 159)

Answer 50

o To restore moral and regain initiative Washington launched surprise attacks on Hessian soldiers

Question 51

What is the significance of the Treaty of Paris? (America became the Western Hemisphere’s first __________ ).

Answer 51

Independent nation