american art

Question 1

watercolors of Native American life in the Eastern parts

Answer 1

ohn White, 1540-1606

Question 2

the first well-known U.S. school of painting

Answer 2

the Hudson River School​

Question 3

depicted rural U.S. – the sea, the mountains, people who lived near them

Answer 3

Winslow Homer

Question 4

naturalist artist, birds, The Birds of America

Answer 4

John James Audubon

Question 5

influence of luminism

Answer 5

landscape painting, 1850s-70s, effects of light in landscape, concealment of visible brushstrokes, emphasis on tranquility, calm & reflective water, soft & hazy sky​

Question 6

influence of tonalism

Answer 6

1880s, landscape with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist, dark/neutral hues: gray, brown, blue dominated – critics used the word “tonal” to describe these works, emphasis on mood & shadow

Question 7

Plate from The Birds of America​
Carolina pigeon (now called mourning dove)

Answer 7

Audubon

Question 8

Washington Crossing the Delaware​ - famous historical painting

Answer 8

Emanuel Leutze

Question 9

American Realism, created subdued drama out of commonplace subjects, melancholy, common features of American life, emotional themes: solitude, loneliness, regret, boredom, resignation​

Answer 9

Edward Hopper

Question 10

paintings featuring flowers, bones, landscapes of New Mexico​
“Mother of American modernism”​

Answer 10

Georgia O’Keeffe

Question 11

regionalism

Answer 11

realistic scenes of rural & small-town America, primarily in the Midwest; conservative & traditional style

Question 12

social realism

Answer 12

draw attention to the real socio-political conditions of the working class as a means to critique the power structures behind these conditions; reveals tensions between an oppressive force & its victims

Question 13

action painting AE abstract expressionism

Answer 13

spontaneous reaction, powerful brushstrokes, dripped/splashed paint, strong physical movements in the production of a painting (Pollock, de Kooning, Kline, Rothko)​

Question 14

color field painting AE

Answer 14

emphasis and intensification of color and large open expanses of surface (Reinhardt, Rothko, Still, Newman); continued in the 1960s (Helen Frankenthaler)​

Question 15

“drip technique” – pouring/splashing paint​
horizontal surface (view from all angles)​
action painting​

Answer 15

Jackson Pollock

Question 16

geometric / biomorphic shapes & strong colours​
inlfuenced by Picasso​
woman – focus of desire, frustration, inner conflict, pleasure​

Answer 16

Willem de Kooning

Question 17

quick brushstrokes, lines & planes
black & white (depicting negative & positive space)​
references to Japanese calligraphy​

Answer 17

Franz Kline

Question 18

color field paintings
spiritual experience​
bright, vibrant colours (reds, yellows) – energy, ecstasy​
later dark blues and greens (growing darkness inside)​

Answer 18

Mark Rothko

Question 19

influence on minimal art, monochrome painting​
progressed from geometrical shapes to works in different shades of the same colour​
1960s – black paintings (black & nearly black shades)​
asking questions: can there be absolute black? is it a colour?​

​

Answer 19

Ad Reinhardt

Question 20

areas of color separated by thin vertical lines (“zips”)​
zips define the spatial structure of the painting while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition​

Answer 20

Barnett Newman

Question 21

use of fluid shapes, abstract masses, lyrical gestures​
emphasis on spontaneity​
paint soaked into canvas (ultimate fusion of image & canvas) – color field painting​

Answer 21

Helen Frankenthaler

Question 22

arge-scale, freely-scribbled, calligraphic, graffiti-like​

Answer 22

Cy Twombly

Question 23

Pop Art

Answer 23

using images of popular culture to emphasize the banal or kitschy elements of any culture through the use of irony​
product labeling and logos are prominent in the images​

Question 24

exploration of the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, celebrity culture​
media: silkscreening, film, photography, sculpture​

Answer 24

Andy Warhol

Question 25

inspired by the comic strip​ precise compositions, using parody​ large-scale paintings, hard-edged figures (thick outlines), ben-day dots​ emotionally strong subjects (love, war, etc.) removed of deliberate painting techniques​ later worked with sculpture​ ​

Answer 25

Roy Lichtenstein

Question 26

“painting relates to both art and life” and he wanted to work “in the gap between the two”​ questioned the distinction between art objects and everyday objects​ “combines”- incorporated everyday objects into his artworks – blurred the distinctions between painting and sculpture​

Answer 26

Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) (Neo-dadaist)

Question 27

American flag, and other US-related topics​ series of flags, maps, targets, letters, numbers​ reaction to abstract expressionism – well-known motifs could be read as representational (flag, target) and as abstract patterns (stripes, circles)​ “What’s interesting to me is the fact that it isn’t designed, but taken. It’s not mine.”… these motifs are “things the mind already knows.”​

Answer 27

asper Johns (1930 - ) (Neo-dadaist)​

Question 28

1980s, neo-expressionism (intense subjectivity, rough handling of materials, recognizable objects, such as human body, in a rough and violently emotional way, often using vivid colors)​ dichotomies: wealth vs. poverty, integration vs. segregation, inner vs. outer experience​ implemented poetry in his paintings​ critical of politics, colonialism, racism​ died at 27, heroin overdose​ most expensive paintings​ legacy in fashion, very stylish artist, model for fashion brands, his work used in pattern​ ​

Answer 28

Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988)​

Question 29

characterized by the idea of cultural pluralism​ anything goes, everything is going on​ no firm and clear direction

Answer 29

Contemporary Art

Question 30

pop-art NY graffiti subculture​ chalk outlines of figures, dogs, images​ political / societal themes​

Answer 30

Keith Haring (1958-1990)​

Question 31

dealing with popular culture​ balloon animals in stainless steel (inflatables)​

Answer 31

Jeff Koons (1955- )​

Question 32

massive-scale photorealist and asbtract portraits​ partially paralyzed

Answer 32

Chuck Close (1940-2021)​

Question 33

organic architecture (harmony of humanity & environment)​

Answer 33

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)​

Question 34

look unfinished​ metal plates/sheets​ fluidity of structures​

Answer 34

Frank Gehry (1929 - )​ ​

Question 35

father of skyscrapers, father of modernism​ Chicago School (mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright)​ ”form follows function” (shape of the building should relate to its intended function or purpose)​

Answer 35

Louis Henry Sullivan (1856-1924)​

Question 36

most of his career in Paris​ contributor to Dada & Surrealist movement​ pioneering photography, fashion & portrait photography​

Answer 36

Man Ray (1890-1976)​

Question 37

landscapes​ favored sharp focus & use of full tonal range of a photograph (resulting in clarity & depth of the images)​ environmentalist​ US Department of Interior - make photographs of national parks​

Answer 37

Ansel Adams (1902-1984)​ ​

Question 38

1870​ largest museum in the USA​ over 2 million artworks

Answer 38

Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met)​ New York​

Question 39

1929​ Abby Rockefeller​ 25th most visited museum in the world

Answer 39

MoMA (Museum of Modern Art)​ New York

Question 40

1939​ designed by Frank Lloyd Wright​

Answer 40

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum​ New York

Question 41

1879​ 35th most visited museum in the world​ 2nd largest in the USA​

Answer 41

Art Institute of Chicago

Question 42

Los Angeles, California​ 1974

Answer 42

J. Paul Getty Museum (the Getty)​

Question 43

British-founded auction house

Answer 43

Sotheby’s ​ New York