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american art Flashcards

1
Q

watercolors of Native American life in the Eastern parts

A

ohn White, 1540-1606

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2
Q

the first well-known U.S. school of painting

A

the Hudson River School​

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3
Q

depicted rural U.S. – the sea, the mountains, people who lived near them

A

Winslow Homer

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4
Q

naturalist artist, birds, The Birds of America

A

John James Audubon

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5
Q

influence of luminism

A

landscape painting, 1850s-70s, effects of light in landscape, concealment of visible brushstrokes, emphasis on tranquility, calm & reflective water, soft & hazy sky​

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6
Q

influence of tonalism

A

1880s, landscape with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist, dark/neutral hues: gray, brown, blue dominated – critics used the word “tonal” to describe these works, emphasis on mood & shadow

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7
Q

Plate from The Birds of America​
Carolina pigeon (now called mourning dove)

A

Audubon

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8
Q

Washington Crossing the Delaware​ - famous historical painting

A

Emanuel Leutze

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9
Q

American Realism, created subdued drama out of commonplace subjects, melancholy, common features of American life, emotional themes: solitude, loneliness, regret, boredom, resignation​

A

Edward Hopper

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10
Q

paintings featuring flowers, bones, landscapes of New Mexico​
“Mother of American modernism”​

A

Georgia O’Keeffe

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11
Q

regionalism

A

realistic scenes of rural & small-town America, primarily in the Midwest; conservative & traditional style

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12
Q

social realism

A

draw attention to the real socio-political conditions of the working class as a means to critique the power structures behind these conditions; reveals tensions between an oppressive force & its victims

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13
Q

action painting AE abstract expressionism

A

spontaneous reaction, powerful brushstrokes, dripped/splashed paint, strong physical movements in the production of a painting (Pollock, de Kooning, Kline, Rothko)​

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14
Q

color field painting AE

A

emphasis and intensification of color and large open expanses of surface (Reinhardt, Rothko, Still, Newman); continued in the 1960s (Helen Frankenthaler)​

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15
Q

“drip technique” – pouring/splashing paint​
horizontal surface (view from all angles)​
action painting​

A

Jackson Pollock

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16
Q

geometric / biomorphic shapes & strong colours​
inlfuenced by Picasso​
woman – focus of desire, frustration, inner conflict, pleasure​

A

Willem de Kooning

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17
Q

quick brushstrokes, lines & planes
black & white (depicting negative & positive space)​
references to Japanese calligraphy​

A

Franz Kline

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18
Q

color field paintings
spiritual experience​
bright, vibrant colours (reds, yellows) – energy, ecstasy​
later dark blues and greens (growing darkness inside)​

A

Mark Rothko

19
Q

influence on minimal art, monochrome painting​
progressed from geometrical shapes to works in different shades of the same colour​
1960s – black paintings (black & nearly black shades)​
asking questions: can there be absolute black? is it a colour?​

​

A

Ad Reinhardt

20
Q

areas of color separated by thin vertical lines (“zips”)​
zips define the spatial structure of the painting while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition​

A

Barnett Newman

21
Q

use of fluid shapes, abstract masses, lyrical gestures​
emphasis on spontaneity​
paint soaked into canvas (ultimate fusion of image & canvas) – color field painting​

A

Helen Frankenthaler

22
Q

arge-scale, freely-scribbled, calligraphic, graffiti-like​

A

Cy Twombly

23
Q

Pop Art

A

using images of popular culture to emphasize the banal or kitschy elements of any culture through the use of irony​
product labeling and logos are prominent in the images​

24
Q

exploration of the relationship between artistic expression, advertising, celebrity culture​
media: silkscreening, film, photography, sculpture​

A

Andy Warhol

25
Q

inspired by the comic strip​
precise compositions, using parody​
large-scale paintings, hard-edged figures (thick outlines), ben-day dots​
emotionally strong subjects (love, war, etc.) removed of deliberate painting techniques​
later worked with sculpture​

​

A

Roy Lichtenstein

26
Q

“painting relates to both art and life” and he wanted to work “in the gap between the two”​
questioned the distinction between art objects and everyday objects​
“combines”- incorporated everyday objects into his artworks – blurred the distinctions between painting and sculpture​

A

Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008) (Neo-dadaist)

27
Q

American flag, and other US-related topics​

series of flags, maps, targets, letters, numbers​

reaction to abstract expressionism – well-known motifs could be read as representational (flag, target) and as abstract patterns (stripes, circles)​

“What’s interesting to me is the fact that it isn’t designed, but taken. It’s not mine.”… these motifs are “things the mind already knows.”​

A

asper Johns (1930 - ) (Neo-dadaist)​

28
Q

1980s, neo-expressionism (intense subjectivity, rough handling of materials, recognizable objects, such as human body, in a rough and violently emotional way, often using vivid colors)​
dichotomies: wealth vs. poverty, integration vs. segregation, inner vs. outer experience​
implemented poetry in his paintings​

critical of politics, colonialism, racism​

died at 27, heroin overdose​

most expensive paintings​

legacy in fashion, very stylish artist, model for fashion brands, his work used in pattern​

​

A

Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-1988)​

29
Q

characterized by the idea of cultural pluralism​

anything goes, everything is going on​

no firm and clear direction

A

Contemporary Art

30
Q

pop-art NY graffiti subculture​

chalk outlines of figures, dogs, images​

political / societal themes​

A

Keith Haring (1958-1990)​

31
Q

dealing with popular culture​

balloon animals in stainless steel (inflatables)​

A

Jeff Koons (1955- )​

32
Q

massive-scale photorealist and asbtract portraits​

partially paralyzed

A

Chuck Close (1940-2021)​

33
Q

organic architecture (harmony of humanity & environment)​

A

Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959)​

34
Q

look unfinished​

metal plates/sheets​

fluidity of structures​

A

Frank Gehry (1929 - )​

​

35
Q

father of skyscrapers, father of modernism​

Chicago School (mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright)​

”form follows function” (shape of the building should relate to its intended function or purpose)​

A

Louis Henry Sullivan (1856-1924)​

36
Q

most of his career in Paris​

contributor to Dada & Surrealist movement​

pioneering photography, fashion & portrait photography​

A

Man Ray (1890-1976)​

37
Q

landscapes​

favored sharp focus & use of full tonal range of a photograph (resulting in clarity & depth of the images)​

environmentalist​

US Department of Interior - make photographs of national parks​

A

Ansel Adams (1902-1984)​

​

38
Q

1870​
largest museum in the USA​

over 2 million artworks

A

Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met)​

New York​

39
Q

1929​

Abby Rockefeller​

25th most visited museum in the world

A

MoMA (Museum of Modern Art)​

New York

40
Q

1939​

designed by Frank Lloyd Wright​

A

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum​

New York

41
Q

1879​

35th most visited museum in the world​

2nd largest in the USA​

A

Art Institute of Chicago

42
Q

Los Angeles, California​
1974

A

J. Paul Getty Museum (the Getty)​

43
Q

British-founded auction house

A

Sotheby’s ​

New York

eng (6 decks)

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