America In The 1930s Flashcards
How did Hoover try and solve the depression?
He cut taxes in 1930 so as to try and boost the economy. He encouraged business leaders to maintain wages that would also help. He set up the Reconstruction Finance company to help banks. He made tariffs to protect industries but this strangled international trade and made the depression worse.
He stopped the Garmer-Wagner relief bill in 1932 which would have provided $ 2.1 billion for jobs.
What did Hoover think up to 1932?
He thought they wasn’t a problem and said “prosperity is just around the corner”
Why did Hoover do what he did?
He didn’t make big changes as they felt it was caused by problems in Europe. The republicans felt that there was a cycle of boom and bust.
H didn’t try to help people. Social security was not the job of the government. He thought it would make people less willing to work.
Explain Rooservelt’s campaign.
The election held in 1932.
He said he would spend money on getting people to work.
His plans were vague and general but he promised action. He used a train to travel around the USA and made 16 major speeches. He promised a new deal.
He won by 7 million votes.
In 1930 how many banks failed?
1,352 and this meant people rushed to try and withdraw their savings.
How many were unemployed by 1933?
14 million.
What is a policy of leaving everyone alone?
“Lassiez-faire”
What was Rooservelt’s general plan?
He wanted to help the lives of the ordinary people.
Spend money to help people find jobs.
He would ask advice from experts such as factory owners, union leaders and economists.
Who were and what happened to the bonus marchers?
They were 10,000ex-service men who fought in WW1. They marched outside the White House and wanted to be paired they war bonuses early. Hoover didn’t want to meet them and a lack of communication with General Douglas MacArthur, who thought they were communists, meant police men cleared them out with tear gas and riot gear.
What was the people’s perception of Hoover?
He was a “do nothing president”. Hoovervilles were named after him as be was blamed for the poverty.
What was the main difference between Hoover and Rooservelt?
Roosevelt felt that people needed held from e government while Hoover felt things would get better on their own.
What happened to wages between 1928-1933?
Wages were cut down by 60%
What happened to employment in 1932?
Half of workers in the steel town of Cleveland were unemployed and in Toledo it was 80%
What were the conditions of Hoovervilles?
People slept in open piano crates, tents, in shelters made of scape metal and on the ground. A Hoover blanket was an old newspaper and a Hoover wagon was a car pulled by horses as the owner couldn’t afford petrol.
How many were unemployed in 1932?
24.9%
What is the federal emergency relief administration?
It would produce half a billion dollars to state and local agency’s. It tried to help the poor and this could be done by opening soup kitchens or giving clothing grants. It supported 5 million households and gave vaccines and literacy classes to millions who couldn’t afford them.
What did the civil works administration do?
It employed 4,000,000 people at $15 a week.These jobs could be repairing or building roads, parks airports or other public things.it improved moral a and gave millions a steady job.
What did the emergency relief appropriation act do?
It provided $5,000,000,000 to create work for 3,500,000 people.
What did the public works administration do?
In 100 days
It was created in 1933 and produced 2,500,000 jobs for men who built things. This provided $3,300,000,000 to pay for public health projects like the building of schools, damns, roads, post offices and hospitals. By June 1934 funded 13,266 federal projects and 2,407 non federal projects.
What did the agricultural adjustment administration do?
In 100 days
It decreased farm production meaning prices went up. It did this by putting taxes on things like cotton and tobacco.
It encouraged modern farming techniques meaning soil was conserved.
It gave out loans to farmers and encouraged them to store food in times of high yield for times of low yield.
What did the social security act?
It provided old age pensions for workers, survivors of war and widows. It provides benefits for victims of industrial accidents and helped the unemployed by producing unemployment insurance. It also funded local governments so they could help the disabled.
What did the farm security administration do?
It gave $1 billion to help farmers.
