America 1920-1973 Flashcards
1
Q
What policies helped make America wealthier during the 1920’s?
A
Republican policies
2
Q
What made American companies very rich during World War One?
A
Exporting weapons and food to Europe
3
Q
By what year were American companies very rich by exporting weapons and food to Europe in World War One?
A
1918
4
Q
What economic issue happened after World War One?
A
A depression
5
Q
Why did a depression happened after World War One?
A
Businesses contracted
Turned into peaceful production
6
Q
What does opportunity mean?
A
A good position, chance or prospect for advancement or success
7
Q
What does inequality mean?
A
Condition of being unequal in social, economic or political grounds. Not having the same opportunities as others
8
Q
How many men died in the First World War?
A
100,000 men
9
Q
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
A
Peace agreement
10
Q
When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
A
June 1919
11
Q
How much influence did the USA have in the Treaty of Versailles on decisions made?
A
Big influence
12
Q
What is a referendum?
A
Big public vote
13
Q
When did referendum take place in the USA?
A
After the Treaty of Versailles was signed
14
Q
Why was there a referendum after the Treaty of Versailles was signed in the USA?
A
Asked whether the USA shelter the peace-keeping organisation, the League of Nations
15
Q
What did the public vote in the referendum about joining the League of Nations?
A
No
16
Q
Why did the public vote ‘no’ in the referendum about joining the League of Nations?
A
As they did not want to get involved in other countries’ problems
17
Q
When did the US government ban all alcoholic drinks?
A
Start of January 1920
18
Q
Why did the US government ban all alcoholic drinks?
A
Reaction to rising crime rates
19
Q
What countries rising crime rates caused the prohibition?
A
Big northern cities such as Washington and Chicago
20
Q
What was prohibition?
A
Ban of all alcoholic drinks
21
Q
Who introduced the prohibition?
A
President Woodrow Wilson
22
Q
Who replaced Woodrow Wilson after the introduction of prohibition?
A
Warren Harding
23
Q
Why did Harding replace Wilson as president?
A
Had policy called ‘America First’
24
Q
What was the ‘America First’ policy?
A
Talked about plans to return to normality where America focused on its own problems
25
What scandal happened in the middle of the 1920’s?
Sacco-Vanzetti immigration scandal
26
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Italian immigrants
27
What happened to Sacco and Vanzetti?
Unfairly arrested for the murder of 2 American guards
28
What US attitude was shown about the Sacco-Vanzetti scandal?
Negative attitude towards foreigners after the First World War
29
By the end of the 1920’s how many women were employed?
25% to over 10 million women
30
When did the US government first introduce its immigration laws?
1921
31
What were the immigration laws?
Put a limit on the amount of people who were allowed to the USA for work
32
Why did the US government set in place immigration laws?
Though immigrants would take all the America jobs and bring their countries problems with them
33
When did the USA introduce radio broadcasting?
1921
34
What was the ‘Ford-McCumber Tariff’?
Tax on foreign goods
35
When was the ‘Ford-McCumber Tariff’ introduced?
1922
36
What did the US government hope the ‘Ford-McCumber Tariff’ would do?
Would encourage Americans to but American goods
37
Why would Americans be encouraged to buy American goods with the ‘Ford-McCumber Tariff’?
It was expensive for Americans to buy goods from abroad
38
What was the ‘Johnson Read Immigration Act’?
Law reducing down the number of people granted entry into the USA
39
When was the ‘Johnson Read Immigration Act’ introduced?
1924
40
How many people did ‘Johnson Read Immigration Act’ allow from each country?
2% of population
41
When did the lives of housewives change dramatically?
Mid 1920’s
42
How did housewives lives change?
Invention of machines that did house chores
43
What Greta inventions made housewives lives easier?
Vacuum cleaner and fridge-freezer
44
What further immigration laws were introduced in 1929?
Stopped all immigrants from Asia coming to live in the USA
45
What year did Britain grant the right for women to vote?
1918
46
What year did the USA grant women the right to vote?
End of 1920
47
How many years behind Britain was the USA in granting women to vote?
Year and a half
48
When did new technology become increasingly popular?
End of the 1920’s
49
How many radios had been purchased from ordinary American families by the end of the 1920’s?
$600 million worth of radios
50
How many people were flocking to the new cinemas by 1929?
Over 95 million people
51
How had the new cinemas in the 1929 improved?
Movies with sound
52
What were the movies with sound commonly called in 1929?
‘Talking pictures ‘
53
How many American families owned a car by 1930?
23 million
54
What ratio of families had a car in 1930?
1 in 4 families
55
How many immigrants arrived in the USA after 1919?
1 million
56
What countries did immigrants common arrive from after 1919?
Europe
| Russia, Italy, Spain, Ireland
57
What did Woodrow Wilson want after World War One?
To join the League of Nations, this never happened
58
What happened in the early 1920’s that disturbed the public peace?
Strikes of demonstrations
| Protesting
59
Why were the ‘good times’ beginning for most American in the 1920’s?
New technologies such as microwaves
60
What did the USA have more of than other countries in the 1920’s?
Motor cars
61
Who replaced Warren Harding as president?
Calvin Coolidge
62
What did Coolidge do in American industry?
Protects American businesses
| Taxed international companies importing goods into America
63
What mass developments happened in the 1920’s?
Mass production, mass skyscrappers
64
What resulted from mass production and skyscrapers in the 1920?
More businesses
65
What did advertising do for American businesses?
Media of cinema was used to advertise American businesses
66
What group of people were being terrorised in the 1920?
African-American
| Blacks
67
Who was terrorising African-Americans?
Ku Klux Klan
68
What group of people didn’t do well in the ‘boom’ in the south in the 1920’s?
Farmers
69
What happened during the prohibition years?
Law was abused by gangs
70
What gang was famous for abusing the prohibition law in America?
Capone the Italian mafia
71
What was the ‘jazz age’?
Blacks have opportunity to better them
72
What effect did the ‘jazz age’ have?
Brought blacks and white peoples together
73
What happened on the 24th October 1929?
The ‘Great Depression’ began
74
Who was president when the ‘Great Depression’ occurred?
Herbert Hoover
75
What year did Hoover get elected?
1928
76
What help the US boom in the 1920’s?
Improved technology and government policy
77
What is laissez-faire?
Leave something alone. In business, the government would not interfere to allow profits to increase
78
What is the Ku Klux Klan?
A white supremacist organisation
79
Where was the Ku Klux Klan popular in America?
Southern states of the USA
80
What is a tariff?
A type of tax charged on imports
81
What animal represented the Republicans?
An elephant
82
What animal represented the Democrats?
Donkey
83
What belief did the Republicans follow?
Laissez-faire
Tariff
Low taxation
84
What beliefs did Democrats follow?
Preferred to intervene in everyday life if needed
85
Who was likely to vote for the Republicans?
Rich businesses men
86
Who was likely to vote for the Democrats?
Ordinary people
87
Who did the Democrats favoured helping?
People in need e.g poor,elderly
88
Why did the Republicans follow low taxation?
Workers had more money to spend on American products
89
What happens if American buy more products?
Increased sales and boosted profits even more
90
Who benefitted the most short term during the 1920’s?
Businesses men
91
How were companies effected during the 1920’s?
Profits increased
92
What resulted from people’s confidence in economy improving?
They bought more goods
93
Why did the economy grow during the 1920’s?
Increased sales of consumer items
94
What consumer items had increased sales?
Radios
vacuum cleaners
washing machines
95
What is mass production?
Making items quickly and on big scale so making them cheaper
96
What factories were used in mass production?
Purpose-built factories
97
How were newspapers used to advertise?
Ram adverts persuading people they needed the latest products
98
What is hire purchase?
Paying in instalments
99
What is credit?
A kind of loan
100
What was the real secret of the boom?
Hire purchase and credit
101
What happened to the wages during the boom?
Increased but not much
102
How did credit aid in the boom?
People didn’t need the money at the time they wanted to purchase a car or radio
103
What did American increased confidence in the economy encourage people to invest in?
The stock market
104
What is the stock market?
The buying and selling of shares in companies
105
Why did people buy shares in companies?
To get a dividend or sell their share for more profit
106
What did mass production create more of?
Jobs
107
Why were jobs create in mass production?
People needed to work on the assembly line
108
What was the ‘assembly line’ method?
Parts of a product were made an then passed on to the next part of the production
109
How many products were made from the assembly line?
Churned our millions of products
110
Who invented the assembly line?
Henry Ford
111
What did Henry Ford make?
Cars
112
What was the most important industry in the 1920’s?
Motor industry
113
When had the motor car industry been developed?
1890
114
Who built the first cars?
Blacksmiths and other skilled craftmen
115
Why didn’t many people have cars in 1900?
Long time to make
| Very expensive
116
How many cars were made in 1900?
4000
117
Who revolutionised car production?
Henry Ford
118
When did Henry Ford set up the first assembly line?
1913
119
Where was the first production line set up?
Giant shed in Detroit
120
What went in the beginning of the assembly line (car production)?
Skeleton car
121
What came out at the end of the assembly line?
A new car
122
How many Ford Model T. were made between 1908 and1925?
15 million were produced
123
What rate did cars come of the production like in 1929?
1 every 10 secs
124
How many cars were made in 1929?
4.8 million
125
How many workers were employed directly from the car industry?
Hundreds of thousands
126
What other industries did the car industry create jobs for?
```
Glass
Steal
Leather
Rubber
Petrol
```
127
What percentage of glass production went to the car industry in the 1920’s?
75%
128
What was the biggest single employer in the 1920’s?
Road construction
129
What ratio of people had cars in the USA in the 1920’s?
1 to 5 people
130
What ratio of people had cars in Britain in the 1920’s?
1 in 43
131
What ratio of people had a car in Russia in the 1920’s?
1 in 7,000
132
How did cars in the USA further boost house-building?
Cars enabled people to live in suburbs
133
How much did the Ford 1925 Model T car cost?
$290
134
Why did farmers struggle during the 1920’s?
Demand for food fell dramatically after World War One
135
What groups of people were most likely to be unemployed in the 1920’s?
African-Americans
Hispanics
Immigrant groups
136
How did Laissez-faire approach from the Republicans effect the poor?
Very little help. Believed the situation would sort itself out
137
Why didn’t some industries benefit from the economic boom?
Those industries were not in demand
138
Why was hire purchase important during the boom?
Encouraged people to spend more money
139
Why was the role of government crucial in causing the boom in the 1920’s?
Polices encouraged spending
140
Why were the 1920’s called ‘the Roaring Twenties’?
Massive so and cultural changes
141
What consumers goods and services had great changes?
Technology
Music
Dance
Fashion
142
What did many young people in cities reject?
Traditional values
143
What could ‘the Roaring Twenties’ suggest about change?
Wind of change was roaring through society
144
Why did people take part in leisure activities more often in the 1920’s?
More time and money to spend on leisure activities
145
How much had the average wage rose by in the 1920’s?
11.1 per cent
146
How much did the average working hours fall by in the 1920’s?
Fell by 5 hours a week
147
Who particularly experienced the increase wage and decreased hours during the 1920’s?
People in cities
148
Where in the 1920’s was traditional values still valued?
Rural areas
149
What did car ownership make the consumers feel?
Greater sense of freedom
| In both cities and rural areas
150
What is the federal system?
Individual states look after their own internal affairs.
| Issues that affect all states are dealt with by Congress
151
What is the constitution?
A Document that details how the government is supposed to operate and what it is allowed to do
152
Who make up the Congress?
The Senate + The House of Representatives
153
What is the Congress?
Congress and the President run the country
154
What is the Supreme Court?
Have the power to decided if a law is unconstitutional
155
Who make up the Supreme Court?
Judges
156
What does the Supreme Court do?
Make sure the government does not misuse their power or pass unfair laws
157
Who makes up the Supreme Court?
Judges
158
Define unconstitutional
Against the constitution
159
What was the USA leading in 1914?
Most areas of industry
160
Why was the USA leading in most industries by 1914?
Huge reserves of natural resources
161
What year did the USA join WW1?
1917
162
What rich family benefitted from the boom?
Rockefeller Family
163
How much did the total farm income drop between 1919 to 1928?
$22 to $13
164
Why did the total farm income drop between 1919 to 1928?
Overproduction
165
How did the coal industry suffer from the boom?
Competition from new industries
166
What new industries made competition for the coal industry?
Oil and electricity
167
What US industries were protected from foreign goods during the boom?
Leather and textiles
168
How did the leather and textile industries suffer during the boom?
Against the development of new man-made materials and cheap labour in the southern states
169
What finance issue did the coal, leather and textile industries during the boom?
Pay wages see not in-line with profits or dividends paid to shareholders
170
What did the growth of industry during the 1920’s not create?
Many new jobs
171
How did most industries grow during the boom?
By electrifying or mechanising production
172
What groups of people were mainly unemployed during the 1920’s?
Poor whites, African Americans,
| Hispanics & immigrants
173
What led the boom in the 1920’s?
Consumers
174
What did the consumer led boom mean in the 1920’s?
Ordinary people were buying goods produced for their home
175
What would happen if families couldn’t afford the goods during the boom?
Demand would eventually tail off
176
How would demand tailing off effect the US?
Damage US industries
177
What was a result of overproduction of crops during the 1920’s?
Prices fell
| Farmers had to borrow money
178
Why did farmers have to borrow money during the boom in the 1920’s?
To be able to survive
179
What was a result of debt for farmers in the 1920’s?
Had to sell farms and leave
180
Where did farmers go after leaving their farms?
Wandering America
181
What were (farmers) wanderers called?
Hobos
182
What percentage of farmers were living in poverty by 1928?
50%
183
How many farmers lost their farms by 1924?
600,000
184
What happened to thousands of ship building workers during the boom?
Made redundant
185
Why were ship workers made redundant during the boom?
Reduction in demand for new ships
186
How did the cotton industry suffer during the boom?
New synthetic fibres were developed
187
What synthetic fibre was developed during the 1920’s?
Rayon
188
Why rayon production led to less jobs?
Produced in factories, fewer workers needed
189
What percentage did the richest 5% earn from all the money in America?
33%
190
How many individuals had an income of over $1 million in 1921?
21
191
How many individuals had an income of over $1 million in 1924?
75
192
How many individuals had an income of over $1 million in 1926?
207
193
How many millionaires by 1927 in the USA ?
Estimated 15,000
194
How many families had an income of less than $1,000 a year in the US during the 1920’s?
6 million
195
How did Native Americans suffer from the boom?
Land had been seized by mining companies
196
Where were Native Americans forced to live?
On reservations
197
What was the soil like on the reservations?
Poor, nearly impossible to grow crops
198
How did African Americans suffer during the boom?
Economically
199
Where did African Americans suffer the most segregation?
Southern States
200
What were most African Americans ancestors in the South?
Slaves
201
Where were the majority of African Americans employed in during the 1920’s?
Small farms
202
What people owned the farms the African Americans were working on?
White people
203
What jobs did African Americans have during the 1920’s?
Labourers or sharecroppers
204
What conditions did African Americans live in?
Immense poverty
205
What main southern states was segregation happening?
Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi
206
What happened to people who tried to improve the rights of African Americans?
Challenged and threatened by KKK
207
What was the KKK?
Ku Klux Klan
208
What was the result of the conditions in southern states for African Americans?
Thousands moved to Northern cities
209
What northern cities did African Americans move to?
New York, Detroit & Chicago
210
How did immigrants suffer during the boom?
Low wages, endured more prejudice
211
What were the new forms of entertainment during the 1920’s?
Radio, Cinema
| Jazz, Sport
212
How many registered radio station in 1921?
1
213
How many registered radio stations by 1922?
508
214
How did most homes own a radio?
Hire purchase
215
How much was the radio network NBC making by 1929?
$150 million a year
216
Where did Jazz originate from?
Southern States of the USA from the blues and ragtime Munro’s African Americans
217
What people listened to Jazz?
Young people
218
Why did young people listen to Jazz?
Had enough of their parents’ old music/ dances
219
How would Jazz be described?
Rhythmic, sexy, easy to dance to
220
What did Jazz lead young people to do?
Smoking, drinking,
| (according to some) behaving indecently
221
How did Jazz come to the northern cities?
African Americans looking for better quality of life
222
What was ‘the Roaring Twenties’ also called?
‘Jazz age’
223
Why was ‘the Roaring Twenties’ also called ‘Jazz Age’?
Jazz was so popular
224
What were college students willing to challenge?
Parents’ values, lifestyle
225
What African American musicians became famous during the ‘Jazz Age’?
Louis Armstrong
Bessie Smith
The Empress of the Blues
226
How many people had a radio set by the end of the 1920’s?
50 million
227
Why did the radio become an important means of communicating during the 1920’s?
Not everyone could read
228
How did the entertainment of Jazz and Radio link?
People bought radios so they could listen to Jazz when ever they wanted
229
What other ways of entertainment like radios were there?
records and gramophones
230
When did organised sport develop?
During the 1920’s
231
What were the main sports supported in the US?
Baseball, golf
| Boxing, tennis
232
When was the Yankee Stadium built?
1923
233
When was Madison Square Garden rebuilt?
1925
234
What sporting events was held in stadiums?
Ice hockey, boxing,
| baseball, basketball
235
How else could people enjoy sports without being there?
Broadcasted on the radio
236
What did sport on the radio provide?
Live commentary and descriptions of various sporting events
237
How many radio listens heard the coverage of the 1927 World Heavyweight Boxing Title fight?
60 million
238
What was the affect of radio and sport?
Huge enthusiasm about sport
| Increased popularity of the radio
239
How did sport become a profitable business?
Sponsors, tickets
240
What company was the first to sponsor the Olympic Games?
Coca-cola
241
What year did Coco-cola start to sponsor the the Olympic Games?
1928
242
Who was the sport star of the 1920’s?
Babe Ruth
243
What was Babe Ruth’s nickname?
The Bambino
| The Sultan of Swat
244
Who sold Babe Ruth?
Boston Red Sox
245
Who received Babe Ruth?
New York Yankees
246
What year was Babe Ruth sold to the New York Yankees?
1919
247
How much did Babe Ruth earn over his career?
$2,000,000
| $2 million
248
What was the most exciting development during the 1920’s?
The cinema
249
How did cinema influence people during the 1920’s?
Fashion, ways in which people behaved
250
What was the audio of the movies in the early 1920’s?
Silent
251
Who did cinema employ?
Musicians.
| Piano or electric organ during the films
252
What were the major movie companies in Hollywood?
Paramount
Warner Brothers
MGM
253
What type of movies drew in movie stars to play parts?
Cowboy movies, Detective stories
| Comedies, Romantic movies
254
What Italian actor was very popular during the 1920’s?
Rudolph Valentino
255
What movie made Rudolph Valentino a sex symbol?
‘The Sheikh’
256
What year did ‘The Sheikh’ come out?
1921
257
How much did Rudolph Valentino earn?
$1 million
258
Who was a very influential figure in cinema during the 1920’s?
Charlie Chaplin
259
What was Charlie Chaplin a founder of?
United Artists film company
260
Who else was a founder of the United Artist of film company?
Mary Pickford
| Douglas Fairbanks
261
What year was the United Artist of film company founded?
1919
262
What films did Charlie Chaplin star in and what year did they come out?
```
The Tramp (1915)
The Kid (1921)
```
263
Who had the most influence on people in cinema?
Clara Bow
264
What part did Clara Bow play numerous of times?
A flapper
265
How did Clara Bow influence girls?
To behave how she did in movies & irl
266
Who was the most popular actress in 1928 to 1929?
Clara Bow
267
How many people went to the cinema on a weekly basis in 1927?
60 million
268
Who starred in ‘The Jazz Singer’?
Al Jolson
269
What year did ‘The Jazz Singer’ come out?
1927
270
What are ‘Talkies’?
Movies with sound
271
How many films did Hollywood produce every year during the 1920’s?
500
272
When did cartoons become popular?
In the 1920’s
273
What cartoon movies gained popularity in the 1920’s?
‘Felix the Cat’
| ‘Mickey Mouse’
274
When did ‘Felix the Cat’ come out?
1925
275
When did ‘Mickey Mouse’?
1928
276
When was the Hays Code drawn up?
1930
277
What did the Hays Code prohibit?
Nudity and dancing of a sexual nature
278
What was the maximum kiss time as a result from the Hays Code?
7 metres of flim
279
What was not allowed to be portrayed in a good light as a result of the Hays Code?
Adultery
280
What did the Hays Code condemn?
Killing
281
Why didn’t some religious people agree with condemning killing on screen?
Lack of morals & influence on young people
282
What were women expected to dress before WW1?
Long dresses
283
How were women expected to behave before WW1?
Modestly
284
Who accompanied married women?
Other married women or older women
285
Who accompanied unmarried women?
A chaperone
| A married women, older women or a hired chaperone
286
What was unacceptable for women to do in the public before WW1?
Smoke
287
What was associated with women’s job before WW1?
Traditional women’s jobs
288
What are some traditional women’s jobs?
Servants, Seamstresses
| Secretaries, Nursing
289
What jobs were available for women during WW1?
Factory work
290
Why were women working in factories during WW1?
Replacing men who were fighting in war
291
What organisation had been fighting for the vote of women?
National American Women Suffrage Association
| NAWSA
292
How long had NAWSA been fighting for the vote for women?
Decades
293
When did the Nineteenth Amendment become a law?
1920
294
What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
Women’s right to vote
295
What was the % change of women employed during the 1920’s?
+25%
296
How many women were working by 1929?
10.6 million
297
What was a result of women working in middle or above classes?
More money to spend
298
What did the markets do as a result of women having more money to spend?
Targeting women in their campaigns to encourage them to buy new products
299
How did women’s behaviour change during the boom?
Smoke in public
300
What became acceptable for women to do during the 1920’s?
Drive cars
301
What became acceptable for women to take part in during the 1920’s?
Energetic sports
302
What were young women of the 1920’s referred to?
Flappers
303
How many people imitated flappers behaviour and dress sense around the world?
Millions
304
How short were women’s skirts by 1919?
6 inches above the knee
305
How short were skirts by 1927?
Knee-level
306
Why did women’s skirts becoming shorter and shorter?
Rebelling against old-fashioned clothes from their mothers era
307
What traditional fashion item went out of fashion during the boom?
The corset
308
What was the most popular hairstyle for women during the 1920’s?
Bob
309
What did women wear a lot of during the boom?
Make up, jewellery
310
Who was the most famous flapper?
Joan Crawford
311
What films did Joan Crawford star in?
‘Paris’
| ‘The Unknown’
312
When did ‘Paris’ come out?
1926
313
When did ‘The Unknown’ come out?
1927
314
Who did Joan Crawford marry?
Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
315
What year did Joan Crawford get married?
1929
316
What did Joan Crawford and Douglas Fairbanks Jr married prove?
Her important social status in society
317
What place allowed flappers to express themselves?
Jazz Clubs
318
What did flappers do in Jazz Clubs?
Smoke
| Drink
319
What did speakeasies allow flappers to do?
Drink illegal alcohol
320
What dance was popular before WW1?
The Waltz
321
What dances became popular during the 1920’s?
Shimmy
| Bunny Hug
322
What were Petting Parties?
Flappers kissing men in public
323
What did flappers create?
Slang
324
What does “I have to go see a man about a dog” mean?
Buy whiskey
325
What is a “handcuff”?
Engagement ring
326
What is a “manacle”?
Wedding ring
327
What were older women’s attitudes on flappers?
Outraged
328
What was the result of the outraged attitudes of older women?
Formation of the Anti-Flirt Club
329
What is prohibition?
Banned production & sals of alcohol
330
What was many Christian views on alcohol?
Damaging America
331
What was the National mood towards alcohol?
Negative
332
How many gangland murders took place between 1927 to 1930?
500
333
What was the most famous gangland murder?
St Valentine’s Day Massacre
334
When did the St Valentine’s Day Massacre take place?
1929
335
Where was Capone during the St Valentine’s Day Massacre take place?
Beach in Florida
336
Who was Capone’s rivals?
Bug Moran
337
How many men did Capone’s men kill during the St Valentine’s Day Massacre?
7
338
How was Capone imprisoned?
Income-tax evasion
339
How did Capone die?
Syphilis
340
What year did Capone die?
1947
341
How was the illegal alcohol made?
Brewing industry
342
Why did people continue to drink alcohol during the prohibition?
Not enough prohibition agents
343
How many prohibition agents were there in 1920?
1,500
344
What made it hard for prohibition agents to stop smuggling alcohol?
America’s large boundaries
345
Who smuggled in alcohol?
Bootleggers
346
What made it easy to bribe prohibition agents?
Low salaries
347
What did many Americans do if they didn’t support the prohibition?
Drink in speakeasies
348
Who made money from organised crime?
Al Capone
349
How many immigrants had arrived in the USA by 1920?
40 million
350
What was the main reason for immigrants to come to the USA?
Escaping poverty in their own country
| Hope for equality of opportunity
351
How did most immigrants travel to the USA?
By sea
352
Where % of immigrants arrived at Ellis Island?
70%
353
How many new immigrants arrived at New York every day in 1920?
5,000
354
What did new immigrants have to do?
Medical tests
355
What did immigrants medical test include?
For diseases
356
What happened if an immigrant had a disease?
Held at Ellis Island or deported back
357
How long were immigrants held at Ellis Island if they had a disease?
Days or weeks
358
What were immigrants questioned about?
Work & financial situation
359
What tests did immigrants have to do?
Literacy test
360
Why did immigrants have to do a literacy test?
Not be a burden on society if cants speak English
361
What immigrants hope for in America?
Better life
362
When was the literacy test law put into place?
1917
363
What is the law ‘Emergency Quota Act’?
Restricting number of immigrants to 357,00 per year. Also set down a quota, 3% of all countries populations overseas who have already come to the USA in 1910 could come into America after 1921
364
When was the ‘Emergency Quota Act’ passed?
1921
365
What is the law ‘The National Origins Act’?
Reduced maximum number of immigrants to 150,000 per year, quota to 2% based on the population of the USA in 1890
366
How did the work environment exploit immigrants?
Work longer hours for lower pay
367
What did the exploitation of immigrants lead to?
Immigrant communities more isolated from other Americans
368
What did a Democratic Party candidate campaign in 1920 involving immigrants?
“Ship or shoot”
369
Where did immigrants traditionally come from?
Northern, Western Europe
370
What countries were traditionally immigrants?
Britain
Ireland
Germany
371
How many immigrants from Eastern Europe arrived between 1900 to 1914?
13 million
372
What Eastern countries were known for US immigrants?
Italy
Greece
Russia
373
Why did Americans fear the open door policy?
Feared economic, political and social impacts of immigrants
374
What was the red scare?
Increase in xenophobia
375
What is xenophobia?
dislike of or prejudice against people from other countrie
376
What was the Red Scare?
Americans frightened by immigrants supposedly plotting a revolution to turn to communism
377
Why was there scare of turning communist in the USA?
Communist Revolution in Russia
378
When was there a Communist Revolution in Russia?
October 1917
379
What was the Red Scares heightened by?
Industrial unrest in 1919
380
What did the industrial unrest in 1919 include?
General strike in Seattle
| Boston police force refusing to work
