Amenhotep III to the death of Ramesses II syllabus outline and sources

Question 1

Name five sources which provide an insight into the reign of Amenhotep III

Answer 1

• Commemorative scarab image of warrior pharaoh
• Temple of Amun at Luxor
• Foreign policy- overtook Nubia and took control of their resources, thus allowing for the prosperity of New Kingdom Egypt
• Redford- “Took full advantage of the status and wealth of the country”
• Berman- “During his 38-year reign, Egypt was wealthier and more powerful than ever before.”

Question 2

Name four pieces of evidence which back up the existence of the Amarna ‘Revolution’

Answer 2

• Colossal statue of Akhenaten (East Karnak)
• City of Akhetaten
• Relief showing Akhenaten worshipping the Aten (Royal Tomb, Akhetaten)
• Sun temples

Question 3

Name three sources which display the failure of the Amarna ‘Revolution’

Answer 3

• Deconstruction of his temples
• Demolished the single Aten worship temples
• No record of him on the King Lists of the Ramesside period

Question 4

Name three pieces of evidence which display the post Amarna reforms

Answer 4

• Deconstruction of his temples
• No record of him on the King Lists of the Ramesside period
• Switch back to a polytheistic society

Question 5

Provide five sources which promote the political and religious significance of building programs, and determine which of the two each source communicates

Answer 5

• Temple of Amun at Karnak- Tut rebuilt neglected temples (religious and political)
• Amenhotep III tombs- emphasise his rule (religious)
• Amenhotep III statues- self promotion (political)
• Great temple of the Aten- Akhenaten- Promotion of cult (religious)
• Dismantling of East Karnak temples- Horemheb (religious and political)

Question 6

Name three sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Amenhotep III. Each evidence should be a building, religion, opinion

Answer 6

• Temple of Amun at Luxor (building)
• Divine conception of Amenhotep III relief (Temple of Amun at Luxor) (religion)
• A. Gardiner- “it is doubtful whether he himself ever took part in a warlike campaign.” (opinion)

Question 7

Name three sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Akhenaten. Each evidence should be a building, religion, opinion

Answer 7

• Colossal statue of Akhenaten (East Karnak) (building)
• House altar showing Akhenaten, Nefertiti and 3 of their daughters (religion)
• William C. Hayes- “a man who had nothing in him of either the soldier or the statesman” (opinion)

Question 8

Name three sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Tutankhamun. Each evidence should be a building, religion, opinion

Answer 8

• A temple called The Mansion of Nebkheperure (building)
• Restoration Stela of Tutankhamun (religion)
• Redford suggests that Smenkhkare and Tutankhamun shared a co-regency, and when they died, Tut and his advisors began the move back to Amun- Smenkhkare being the last remaining link to Atenism. (opinion)

Question 9

Name three sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Horemheb. Each evidence should be a building, religion, opinion

Answer 9

• Karnak (building)
• Temple at Gebel el-Silsila in Nubia. (religion)
• Booth states- “either a genuine individual… or a duplicitous man who was clever and deceitful” (opinion)

Question 10

Name two sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Seti I. Each evidence should be a building, religion

Answer 10

• Temple of Amun at Karnak (building)

- Temple at Abydos (religion)

Question 11

Name three sources which reveal insight into the role and contribution of Ramesses II. Each evidence should be a building, religion, opinion

Answer 11

• Abu Simbel (building)
• Temples at Abu Simbel (religion)
• Aldred- “he usurped a great deal of the work of earlier kings to adorn his new capital city of Pi-Ramesses.” (opinion)

Question 12

Provide a source on the changing role and contributions of Tiye

Answer 12

• Hawass- “Tiye is featured prominently on her husband’s monuments, and seems to have borne more real power than the queens who came before her”

Question 13

Provide two sources on the changing role and contributions of Nerfertiti

Answer 13

• Pictured killing the enemies of Egypt in a scene normally reserved for pharaohs
• Shown with her husband awarding gold to royal favourites at the Window of Appearance.

Question 14

Provide a source on the changing role and contributions of Ankhesenamun

Answer 14

• “My husband has died and I have no son. They say about you that you have many sons. You might give me one of your sons to become my husband. I would not wish to take one of my subjects as a husband… I am afraid.

Question 15

Provide a source on the changing role and contributions of Nefertari

Answer 15

• Often depicted officiating jointly with him during religious ceremonies on the walls of a shrine at Gebel el Silsila.

Question 16

Name one source that reveals the role and contributions of the vizier

Answer 16

• Painted relief of Vizier Kagemni represents his dominant and important position within the king’s reign.

Question 17

Name one source that reveals the role and contributions of the religious elites

Answer 17

• Ramses II making an offering to Horus, at Abu Simbel, to the religious elite.

Question 18

Name one source that reveals the role and contributions of the military elites

Answer 18

• Relief of Egyptian light infantry, armed with an early axe and throwing sticks weapons.

Question 19

Name two sources which demonstrates how Amenhotep III maintained and administrated the empire

Answer 19

• Royal inscriptions, including the Konosso stela from the First Cataract and the Tablet of Victory from his mortuary temple, record the campaign and refer to him as ‘annihilator of the wretched Kush’
• Amarna letters

Question 20

Name two sources which demonstrates how Amenhotep III maintained and administrated the empire

Answer 20

• Campaign led by his Nubian viceroy, Thutmose, to deal with a rebellion; stela erected at Buhen records the victory and capture of 150 Nubians and 360 cattle; many rebels were impaled on spikes to send a message
• Amarna letters

Question 21

Name two sources which demonstrates how post amarna period kings maintained and administrated the empire

Answer 21

• Horemheb’s tomb – reliefs of military exploits in Nubia and Retjenu, Nubians being paraded before him and awaiting transportation to work camps
• Ramesses II erected temples at Abu Simbel to consolidate power

Question 22

What source reveals the relationship Egypt had with vassal rulers?

Answer 22

Amarne letters

Question 23

Name four sources which demonstrate the image of the Warrior Pharaoh

Answer 23

• Warrior pharaoh iconography
• Amenhotep III Tablet of Victory
• Akhenaten talatat
• Tutankhamun painted wooden chest

Question 24

Name three pieces of evidence revealing the changing relations with foreign powers

Answer 24

Amenhotep III- Amarna letters
Hittite expansion
Akhenaten- Talatat

Question 25

Recall the five sources responsible for communicating the Rammeside imperialism in the Battle of Kadesh

Answer 25

• War scenes of Seti I carved on the north wall of the Great Hypostyle Hall.
• South wall of the Hypostyle Hall showing the war scenes of Ramesses II.
• Ramesses asks where army of Hitties are, spy replies, “Hittite chief was too fearful of Pharaoh to come southward”
• “His majesty slaughtered them… his majesty was alone”
• Kemp- “the New Kingdom developed from the defeat of foreign armies… the king being presented as a military hero”

Question 26

Name two sources which demonstrate the Egyptian and Hittite peace treaty

Answer 26

• Document of the peace treaty on a clay tablet

- Diplomatic marriage in Year 34 to a Hittite princess who took the Egyptian name Maatnefrure