Amendments Short Detail Flashcards
No.
Objectives
1
To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law
2
Removed the upper population limit for a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b).
3
Re-enacted entry 33 of theÿConcurrent Listÿin the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of 4 classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and raw jute.
4
Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution
5
Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit, and prohibited any such bill from being introduced in Parliament until after the expiry of the prescribed or extended period.
6
Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes
7
Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories
8
Extended the period of reservation of seats for theÿScheduled Castes and Scheduled TribesÿandÿAnglo-Indiansÿin the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970
9
Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
10
Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
11
Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college
12
Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal
13
Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A
14
Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa
15
Raise retirement age of High court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.
16
Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates
17
To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution
18
Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories
19
Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts
20
Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgement invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh
21
Include Sindhi as an Official Language
22
Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam
23
Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SC/ST and Anglo Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 1980.
24
Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution
25
Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property
26
Abolition ofÿprivy purseÿpaid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic
27
Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers
28
Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence
29
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
30
Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law
31
Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise
32
Protection of regional rights in Telengana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh
33
Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker
34
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
35
Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India
36
Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
37
Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly
38
Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances
39
Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister
40
Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India
41
Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint Public Service Commissions and State Public Service Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
42
Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a “Socialist Secular” Republic
43
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more ‘Anti-Freedom’ amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42
44
Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42
45
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990
46
Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax
47
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
48
Article 356 amended to permit President’s rule up to two years in the state of Punjab
49
Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council
50
Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure
51
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
52
Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other
53
Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
54
Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment
55
Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh
56
Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa
57
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies
58
Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments
59
Article 356 amended to permit President’s rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab
60
Profession Tax increased from a minimum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-
61
Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18
62
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000
63
Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed
64
Article 356 amended to permit President’s rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab
65
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.
66
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
67
Article 356 amended to permit President’s rule up to four years in the state of Punjab
68
Article 356 amended to permit President’s rule up to five years in the state of Punjab
69
To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory
70
Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election
71
Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages
72
Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly
73
Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages
74
Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities
75
Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals
76
Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution
77
A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions
78
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution
79
Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010
80
Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre
81
Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies
82
Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates
83
Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions
84
Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
85
A technical amendment to protect Consequential seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees
86
Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six
87
Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats
88
To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax
89
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
90
Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area
91
Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws
92
Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as official languages
93
To enable provision of reservation(27%) for other backward classes (O.B.C.) in government as well as private educational institutions
94
To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States including Madhyapradesh, Orissa.
95
To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years
96
Substituted “Odia” for “Oriya”
97
Added the words “or co-operative societies” after the word “or unions” in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies.
98
To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region.[2]
99
The amendment provides for the formation of aÿNational Judicial Appointments Commission. 16 State assemblies out of 29 States including Goa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat and Telangana ratified the Central Legislation, enabling the President of India to give assent to the bill.[104]
100
Acquisition of certain territories ofÿBangladeshÿconsequent to the agreement between India and Bangladesh.
