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B4 Methods2 > Amblyopia 3 > Flashcards

Amblyopia 3 Flashcards

1
Q

If the brain did not develop correctly during its critical period…

A

Amblyopia will most likely develop

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2
Q

What is corneal dystrophy? Macula schisis? Retinitis pigmentosa?

What do they all have in common?

A

Cornea tearing away.
Macula lifting away from the retina.
Affected RPE cells.

They are NOT amblyopia

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3
Q

What must you assess about birth history?

A

Premature?
Low birth weight?

Critical period.

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4
Q

What tests must you asses when checking for amblyopia?

A

Detailed history (birth, family, patching/eyedrops)
VAs
Cover test
Ocular motility
Pupils
Accommodation
Binocular function (stereopsis, W4D, fixation)
Cycloplegic refraction
Anterior and posterior segment evaluation

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5
Q

What are 3 amblyopia treatments?

A

Optical treatment
Occlusion therapy
Vision therapy

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6
Q

What is the first step in the management plan for a patient with amblyopia or strabismus?

A

Determination of refractive error

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7
Q

Retinoscopy on a deviated eye may not yield the correct amount of refractive error because…

A

The retinoscopy is done off axis

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8
Q

What is the method of choice to determine the refractive error in children?

A

Cycloplegic refraction

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9
Q

Why cyclopentolate?

A

In amblyopia, the visual system is not able to respond well during the subjective refraction.

The amblyopic eye is insensitive to the small chances to discriminate during subjective refraction.

Completely relaxing accommodation will help give the best objective measurement of the refractive error present.

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10
Q

Cyclopentolate is an…..

A

Anti muscarinic drug

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11
Q

When prescribing, how much should i give?

A

Tough question for all practitioners.

Depends on the treatment.

Prescription is based on findings and other relevant info.

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12
Q

If you suspect residual hyperopia, what could be used and why?

A

Atropine

To reveal the complete amount of hyperopia

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13
Q

The goal for optical treatment is…

A

Clear retinal image for each eye (to allow binocularity)

Stopping any amblyopic progress

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14
Q

What must you start with before introducing other management? Why?

A

Prescription

So the child can adapt to the prescription. Follow up 3-4 months after

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15
Q

If hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia is present without esotropia…

A

A partial balanced prescription can be issued

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16
Q

If an accommodative esotropia is present…

A

Close to the full prescription should be considered

17
Q

When prescribing, what is the goal?

A

Balance between the two eyes and alignment

18
Q

Occluding the best seeing eye to stimulate the amblyopic eye and force it to improve visual function

A

Occlusion therapy

Also to eliminate eccentric fixation

19
Q

How long must a patient undergo occlusion therapy per day?

A

Full time or part time, if part time, as little as 2 hours per day

20
Q

A form of occlusion where atropine is used to blur the vision in the better seeing eye

A

Penalization

Part of occlusion therapy

21
Q

Which is better, patching the better seeing eye or atropine penalization?

A

Studies have shown that they are equally effective.

22
Q

Side effects of atropine penalization

A 
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
Blind as a bat
Red as a beet
Mad as a hatter

Anticholinergic

23
Q

Barriers and concerns for occlusion therapy

A 
Compliance
Development of strabismus
Occlusion amblyopia (in the better seeing patched eye)
Cosmesis
Skin irritation
Atropine side effects
24
Q

Visual tasks and procedures used to improve vision

A

Vision therapy

25
Q

Difference between visual therapy and optical correction

A

Optical correction is to improve vision

Vision therapy is to improve visual efficiency (eye movement, accommodation, and binocularity)

26
Q

Does visual therapy replace optical correction?

A

Nope.

It augments it

27
Q

Process of treating Deprivation Amblyopia

A
  1. Remove any obstructions
  2. Correct refractive error
  3. Treat amblyopia
  4. Vision therapy
28
Q

Process of treating isoametropic amblyopia

A
  1. Correct refractive error with glasses or contacts
  2. Reevaluate within 4 months
  3. Treatment for amblyopia should start
  4. Vision therapy
29
Q

Process of treating anisometropic amblyopia

A
  1. Correction as soon as possibly with glasses or contacts
  2. Reevaluate after 4 months (VA could have improved)
  3. Amblyopia treatment
  4. Vision therapy
30
Q

Process of treating strabismic amblyopia

A
  1. Correction with glasses or contacts
  2. Reevaluate VA and binocularity
  3. Amblyopia treatment
  4. vision therapy
  5. Surgery
31
Q

What’s the issue with surgery in strabismic amblyopia?

A

It is contraindicated in most accommodative esotropia

B4 Methods2 (2 decks)

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