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B4 Methods2 > Amblyopia 2 > Flashcards

Amblyopia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of refractive amblyopia

A

Meridional amblyopia

Isoametropia amblyopia

Anisometropic amblyopia

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2
Q

Due to uncorrected high astigmatism in one of both eyes

A

Meridional amblyopia

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3
Q

Why can meridional amblyopia easily be missed?

A

Due to the orientation of the astigmatism……some children may be able to squint or compensate

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4
Q

Caused by very high refractive error in both eyes

A

Isometropic amblyopia

So high that a clear retinal image cannot be obtained.

This results in a bilateral decrease in visual acuity.

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5
Q

Child has a normal refractive error with good visual acuity in one eye and a significant refractive error and reduced visual acuity in the other eye

A

Anisometropic amblyopia

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6
Q

What are some common comments from children with anisometropic amblyopia

A

“My left eye never sees well”

“Thats my bad eye”

Uncorrected refractive error causes a constant blur that prevents the brain from getting clear information via the visual pathway.

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7
Q

When is the effect of blur most crucial?

A

In the first years of life, the critical period of development

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8
Q

Amblyopia resulting from a difference of hyperopia between the 2 eyes

A

Hyperopic anisometropia

Can be affected by as little as +1.00 D

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9
Q

In some cases of hyperopic anisometropia, _________ could develop.

A

Esotropia

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10
Q

In hyperopic anisometropia, ___________ can be affected, W4D can show __________, and you could also pick up a _________ _________.

A

Stereopsis, fusion, central scotoma

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11
Q

High unilateral myopia with lesser myopia in the other eye

A

Myopic anisometropia

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12
Q

Loss of visual acuity in one or both eyes that cannot be improved by corrective lenses

A

Amblyopia

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13
Q

Can a phoria cause amblyopia?

A

NO!

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14
Q

In amblyopic patients, could W4D show fusion?

A

Yes, depending on the severity of the amblyopia

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15
Q

If the patient has a prescription less than -5D in both eyes..

A

Patient most likely has moderate myopic anisometropia

Patient will most likely not develop amblyopia in this case (for ex, -0.75 DS OD for distance and -3.25 DS OS for near) because both eyes attain clarity at either distance or near.

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16
Q

Obstruction of the line of sight that prevents a clear eMate to form on the retina

A

Form deprivation

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17
Q

Can form deprivation occur in one or both eyes?

A

…..yes

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18
Q

Physical obstructions that can lead to amblyopia include….

A 
Congenital cataracts 
Ptosis
Traumatic cataract
Corneal alacrity
Vitreous opacity
Vitreous hemorrhage
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19
Q

What can shaken baby syntrome lead to (in the eye)

A

Vitreous hemorrhage.

So sad.

20
Q

What entrance test determines the presence of a strabismus?

A

COVER TEST!!!!

21
Q

When the visual axes of both eyes do not intersect at fixation

A

Strabismus

22
Q

Strabismus is important because it may a result of…

A

Stroke
Thyroid disease
Retinal disease

23
Q

Heterotropia/tropia/strabismus is classified by

A

The direction of the non-fixating eye

24
Q

What’re the 3 types of strabismus?

A

Early onset (within 6 months of birth)

Accommodative

Acquired

25
Q

What betters the chances of re establishing binocularity after diagnosing amblyopia?

A

The more time that there is equal visual acuity and binocularity before strabismic disruption

26
Q

What important information should you obtain about past history of an amblyopic patient?

A

Occlusion therapy
Glasses/contact
Past surgeries

This will help you plan and make prognosis

27
Q

The earlier the intervention after the onset of strabismus….

A

The less the chance of sensory adaptations

28
Q

Examples of sensory adaptions

A

Amblyopia
Scotoma/suppression
Anomalous correspondence

29
Q

___________ implies better prognosis.

A

Stereopsis

30
Q

Strabismus prognosis is worse with..

A

Esotropia
Anomalous correspondence
Constant unilateral strabismus

31
Q

How to record frequency of strabismus

A

Constant or intermittent

32
Q

How to record laterality of strabismus

A

Right
Left
Alternating

33
Q

How to record direction of strabismus

A 
Esotropia
Exotropia
Hypertropia
Hypotropia
Cyclotropia..?
34
Q

How to record location of strabismus

A

Distance

Near

35
Q

How to record magnitude of strabismus

A

Measured in PD at distance and near

36
Q

How to record comitancy of strabismus

A

Comitancy (or concomitant)

In comitancy (or nonconcomitant)

37
Q

How to record sensory adaptation of strabismus

A

Normal correspondence
Anomalous correspondence
Suppression

38
Q

When patients read out of order or drop letters, after likely correctly identifying the first and last ones

A

Spatial uncertainty, due to strabismic amblyopia

39
Q

In strabismic amblyopia, there is risk of injury to which eye?

A

The non amblyopic eye

40
Q

What is eccentric fixation?

A

When amblyopia leads to the patient not using the fovea as a center of the visual axis. Another retinal point will assume the role, and visual acuity is reduced.

41
Q

What is a unilateral strabismus more likely to do?

A

Cause amblyopia

42
Q

What is an intermittent strabismus or an alternating less likely to lead to

A

Amblyopia

That sure was a shitty question

43
Q

The later the onset of strabismus….

A

The better the chance of re establishing binocularity that the patient already developed

44
Q

Consider a 75 y/o Asian female with a constant left exotropia with a right hypertropia due to a 3rd nerve palsy that occurred at the age of 73. Did this patient previously have binocularity What is the chance of amblyopia in this patient?

A

75 years old is out of the critical period.

Yes
Low

45
Q

Consider a 12 month old Caucasian male with a congenital right esotropia that has never seen an eye doctor. Did this patient previously have binocularity? Could his child have amblyopia?

A

No

Yes

B4 Methods2 (2 decks)

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