Alzheimer's Flashcards
Define apraxia and at what stage this occurs
Deficits in the idea of a task and its execution. Advanced
In advanced alzheimer’s what are the two pathological accumulations? What two locations do they tend to accumulate and what region do they spare?
Spherical accumulation of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT’s) accumulations in the hippocampus and cortical association areas. Visual and motor cortical neurons relatively spared.
Besides accumulations, what other two major changes happen with alzheimer’s
Atrophy of cerebral cortex (esp. cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain) results in memory loss, reduced reasoning. Coincident cholinergic NT loss.
Trisomy 21 has a 1.5 fold increase in which protein implicated in AD
APP: amyloid precursor protein.
Beta-amyloid hypothesis: aberrant cleavage of APP results in AB fibrillary forms and annular holes. Why are these bad? What is wrong with this theory?
AB fibrils are toxic. Ca++ homeostasis is disrupted and injury results. Problem is that amyloid plaque does not = neuronal loss.
Problem with the cholinergic hypothesis?
higher Ach is not curative only palliative
What enzyme is universally deficient in AD? What effect does this have on Ach levels and what happens to neurons?
ChAT or choline-acetyl-transferase. Low Ach leads to progressive neurodegeneration.
Which cells respond to neuronal death?
Glial cells.
Tau is a cytoskelton protein that binds and promotes:
microtubule assembly and stabilization
Trisomy 21 has a 1.5 fold increase in which protein implicated in AD
APP: amyloid precursor protein.
Beta-amyloid hypothesis: aberrant cleavage of APP results in AB fibrillary forms and annular holes. Why are these bad? What is wrong with this theory?
AB fibrils are toxic. Ca++ homeostasis is disrupted and injury results. Problem is that amyloid plaque does not = neuronal loss.
Problem with the cholinergic hypothesis?
higher Ach is not curative only palliative
What enzyme is universally deficient in AD? What effect does this have on Ach levels and what happens to neurons?
ChAT or choline-acetyl-transferase. Low Ach leads to progressive neurodegeneration.
Which cells respond to neuronal death?
Glial cells.
Tau is a cytoskelton protein that binds and promotes:
microtubule assembly and stabilization
