Alveolar Process Flashcards
What is the alveolar process?
is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on bones that hold teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxillae and the mandible.
What are some components of the alveolar bone?
2/3 inorganic - Ca, P, 65-70% hydroxyapatite crystals
1/3 organic - Type I collagen, proteoglycans, phosphoproteins
How are the hydroxyapatite crystals aligned and why is this important?
The hydroxyapatite crystals are aligned with their long axis parallel to the long axis of the collagen fibers.
This type of arrangement affords strength under mechanical stresses.
What is the lamina dura?
The lamina dura surrounds the tooth socket and provides the attachment surface with which the Sharpey’s fibers of the periodontal ligament perforate. On an x-ray a lamina dura will appear as a radiopaque line surrounding the tooth root. An intact lamina dura is seen as a sign of healthy periodontium.
How does alveolar bone form?
Forms by intramembranous ossification
What term is synonymous with alveolar bone proper in radiology?
Lamina dura
What are some characteristics of the periosteum?
Covers outer surface of bone
Inner layer is osteoblasts
Outer layer is blood vessels, nerves
This layer is important for maintenance of collateral blood supply during surgeries.
What are some characteristics of the endosteum?
Covers internal surface of bone
Single layer of osteoblasts
Active site for bone remodeling
The alveolar bone between sockets is referred to as?
the interdental septum
The height and thinkness of alveolar bone depends on what 3 things?
Alignment of teeth
Angulation of teeth
Direction of occlusal forces
What is a fenestration?
It is a window like defect in bone through which root is visible.
Mostly occurs on facial surfaces where bone is thinner.
What is Dehiscence?
It is root exposure seen as a V or U shaped defect.
In health, condition is commonly seen on anterior teeth, MB roots of 1st molars, and facial surfaces of premolars.
What is Buttressing bone?
It is bone formation that occurs in response to occulsal trauma or orthodontic tooth movement.
Compression of the PDL interferes with vascular blood flow and causes:
Localized destruction of the PDL and osteoclastic bone resorption.
What happens on the tension side of the PDL during bone remodeling?
New bone is deposited in incremental layers and is histologically evidenced by osteoblasts and reformation of the PDL by fibroblasts.
If a patients has excessive eccentric or parafunctional movements, what might happen to the periodontium?
The excessive forces may result in compression and necrosis of the interradicular PDL fiber bundles with alveolar bone loss.
Inflammation will accelerate this process.
Interradicular bone loss in multi-rooted teeth is termed?
A furcation
What happens when a tooth is without an antagonist or opposing prosthesis for 6 months or more?
Dystrophic changes occur within the PDL and alveolar bone. Narrow PDL Poor organization of PDL Decreased bony trabeculae Tooth mobility in severe cases.
What types of bone quality are good for implants?
Type I and II is preferable for implants.
