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IG Physics > Alternative to Practical > Flashcards

Alternative to Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

How to produce more accurate or reliable results

A
  1. Repeat the experiment to calculate average reading
  2. Avoid parallax error, look perpendicular to the ruler
  3. Check for zero error
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2
Q

How to draw an image created from lens

A
  1. Inverted from the original object

2. Sides are multiplied by the magnification

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3
Q

How to improve accuracy for a centre of mass experiment

A

View the string directly in front of the card (lamina)

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4
Q

How to minimise heating effect of a current

A
  1. Lower current
  2. Increase voltage
  3. Add a lamp
  4. Increase resistance of a resistor
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5
Q

How to increase accuracy of ray diagrams

A
  1. View the base of pins since pins may not be vertical/may be bent
  2. Keep pins further apart and use more pins
  3. Avoid parallax error
  4. Repeat and take average
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6
Q

Improvements to heating, cooling and insulation experiments

A
  1. Same initial temperature
  2. Same volume of water
  3. Same shape and type of beaker
  4. Same room temperature
  5. Stir the water in the beakers
  6. Record max temperature
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7
Q

How to reduce heat loss

A
  1. Insulate the beaker
  2. Cover beaker with a lid
  3. Place the beaker in a styrofoam container
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8
Q

How to check if a rule is vertical

A
  1. Use a set square or protractor
  2. Plumb line
  3. Spirit level
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9
Q

Precautions taken in experiments about the formation of images by a lens

A
  1. Use a darkened area
  2. Object and lens must be of the same height on bench
  3. Take more readings
  4. Avoid parallax error in measurement, and look perpendicular to the ruler
  5. Object, lens and screen are perpendicular to the bench
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10
Q

Variables in experiments about springs and stretching effect

A
  1. Number of coils
  2. Length of spring
  3. Diameter / thickness of spring or wire
  4. Selection of loads
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11
Q

How to improve the method of calculating circumference by string

A
  1. Avoid parallax error
  2. Repeat and take average
  3. Use thinner string
  4. Parallel windings of string
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12
Q

Precautions for circuit readings of I and V

A

For I: limit current so that the temperature doesn’t increase
For I and V: switch off between readings

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13
Q

How to have fair test for pendulum experiments

A
  1. Length of pendulum
  2. Shape of bob
  3. Number of swings
  4. Amplitude
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14
Q

Precautions & procedures for electrical experiments

A
  1. Check for zero error
  2. Check that connections are clean
  3. Switch off current when not making a measurement
  4. Use low currents/voltages when measuring resistance to avoid heating and changing the resistance you are measuring
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15
Q

Why would the angle of incidence NOT equal the angle of reflection in ray experiments?

A
  1. Thickness of pins
  2. Thickness of mirror
  3. Protractor not precise
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16
Q

Inaccuracy of ray box method

A

Thickness of rays

17
Q

Inaccuracy of pin method

A
  1. Pins not straight (bent)
  2. Pins are too close
  3. Thickness of lines drawn
18
Q

Why do we measure 10 oscillations rather than 1?

A
  1. To reduce human error
  2. To give a more accurate value of time taken
  3. To give an an average time taken
19
Q

Safety precautions for electrical experiments

A
  1. Live wires should not be touched
  2. Hot objects should not be touched with bare hands, use gloves
  3. Circuit connections should be checked and approved by the teacher
  4. Circuit power should be switched off when changing components so that no one experiences electric shocks
20
Q

Precautions - pendulum, Hooke’s law, trolley, centre of mass

A

Pendulum: use a small angle for regular oscillations, make sure the bob does not hit anything
Hooke’s law: make sure the elastic limit is not reached (do not overload the spring)
Trolley: make sure the trolley does not knock anything on its way, travels in a straight line
Centre of mass: wait for the card to stop swinging before taking measurement

IG Physics (11 decks)

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