Alternative psychological therapies

Question 1

What is the interactionist approach?

Answer 1

Looks at both biology and social factors influencing schizophrenia

Question 2

In the interactionist approach, what do biological factors include?

Answer 2

Genetic vulnerability

neurological abnormalities

Question 3

In the interactionist approach, what do psychological factors include?

Answer 3

life events

stresses of everyday life

Question 4

What does diathesis mean?

Answer 4

Vulnerability

Question 5

What is the diathesis stress model?

Answer 5

The individual has a vulnerability to schizophrenia and then stress acts as a trigger for developing Sz

Question 6

What is Meehl’s model?

Answer 6

Diathesis was genetic and the result of a schizogene

Question 7

What does the schizogene create?

Answer 7

Schizotypic personality

Question 8

What did Meehl believe about the schizogene?

Answer 8

No amount of stress will lead to schizophrenia if a person does not have the schizogene

Question 9

What did Ripke find about the schizogene?

Answer 9

There is no single schizogene

Question 10

What Ingram and luxton (2005) find?

Answer 10

Modern views consider other factors such as psychological trauma so trauma becomes the diathesis rather than the stressor

Question 11

What did Read et al (2001) find?

Answer 11

Provided a neurodevelopmental model in which early trauma impacts on a developing brain. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system can become overactive making the person much more vulnerable to stress in later life

Question 12

What did Houston et al (2008) say?

Answer 12

Although psychological stress including that resulting from parenting may still be considered important as the modern day definition includes anything that triggers Sz

Question 13

What is the role of cannabis in Sz?

Answer 13

Cannabis is the stressor according to the model and increases the risk of Sz up to 7 times
Cannabis interferes with the dopamine system

Question 14

What is a trigger factor in the use of cannabis?

Answer 14

Childhood sexual abuse

Question 15

What does Turkington et al (2006) point out?

Answer 15

It is possible to believe in biological causes and psychological treatments

Question 16

What does adopting an interactionist model for the treatment involve?

Answer 16

You can’t tell a patient their condition is purely biological and there is no psychological significance to symptoms and to simultaneously treat them with CBT

Question 17

What was Tierani et al’s aim (2004)?

Answer 17

Investigated genetic vulnerability and parenting style

Question 18

What did Tienari et al (2004) do?

Answer 18

Children adopted from 19,000 Finnish mothers with Sz between 1960 and 1979 were followed up
Their adoptive parents were assessed for parenting style and rates of Sz were compared with the control group of adoptees without a genetic risk

Question 19

What did Tienari (2004) find out about parenting style and rates of Sz?

Answer 19

Highly critical and showed little empathy was implicated but only for those who had a high genetic risk, suggesting genetically vulnerable children are more sensitive to parenting behaviour

Question 20

What does Tienari provide support for?

Answer 20

Adopt for an interactionist approach

Question 21

Does the original model have good explanatory power?

Answer 21

It is over simple

Multiple genes increase vulnerability to Sz each having a small effect on it’s own, there is no single gene

Question 22

What did Tarrier et al (2004) find?

Answer 22

315 patients randomly allocated to a medication/CBT group, med/support group
Patients in the combination group showed more improvement than those in the control

Question 23

What is the issue with the diathesis and stress work?

Answer 23

We know there is a link between vulnerability and stress that lead to symptoms but we do not fully understand the mechanism by which the symptoms of Sz appear and how vulnerability and stress produce them

Question 24

What does Turkington et al argue about in the interactionist and treatments?

Answer 24

Knows there is a good fit between interactionist and treatments however just because they work together does not mean that the interactionist approach is correct

Question 25

What does the fact drugs help Sz not necessarily mean?

Answer 25

It is biological in nature