Alternative psychological therapies Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the interactionist approach?
Looks at both biology and social factors influencing schizophrenia
In the interactionist approach, what do biological factors include?
Genetic vulnerability
neurological abnormalities
In the interactionist approach, what do psychological factors include?
life events
stresses of everyday life
What does diathesis mean?
Vulnerability
What is the diathesis stress model?
The individual has a vulnerability to schizophrenia and then stress acts as a trigger for developing Sz
What is Meehl’s model?
Diathesis was genetic and the result of a schizogene
What does the schizogene create?
Schizotypic personality
What did Meehl believe about the schizogene?
No amount of stress will lead to schizophrenia if a person does not have the schizogene
What did Ripke find about the schizogene?
There is no single schizogene
What Ingram and luxton (2005) find?
Modern views consider other factors such as psychological trauma so trauma becomes the diathesis rather than the stressor
What did Read et al (2001) find?
Provided a neurodevelopmental model in which early trauma impacts on a developing brain. The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system can become overactive making the person much more vulnerable to stress in later life
What did Houston et al (2008) say?
Although psychological stress including that resulting from parenting may still be considered important as the modern day definition includes anything that triggers Sz
What is the role of cannabis in Sz?
Cannabis is the stressor according to the model and increases the risk of Sz up to 7 times
Cannabis interferes with the dopamine system
What is a trigger factor in the use of cannabis?
Childhood sexual abuse
What does Turkington et al (2006) point out?
It is possible to believe in biological causes and psychological treatments
What does adopting an interactionist model for the treatment involve?
You can’t tell a patient their condition is purely biological and there is no psychological significance to symptoms and to simultaneously treat them with CBT
What was Tierani et al’s aim (2004)?
Investigated genetic vulnerability and parenting style
What did Tienari et al (2004) do?
Children adopted from 19,000 Finnish mothers with Sz between 1960 and 1979 were followed up
Their adoptive parents were assessed for parenting style and rates of Sz were compared with the control group of adoptees without a genetic risk
What did Tienari (2004) find out about parenting style and rates of Sz?
Highly critical and showed little empathy was implicated but only for those who had a high genetic risk, suggesting genetically vulnerable children are more sensitive to parenting behaviour
What does Tienari provide support for?
Adopt for an interactionist approach
Does the original model have good explanatory power?
It is over simple
Multiple genes increase vulnerability to Sz each having a small effect on it’s own, there is no single gene
What did Tarrier et al (2004) find?
315 patients randomly allocated to a medication/CBT group, med/support group
Patients in the combination group showed more improvement than those in the control
What is the issue with the diathesis and stress work?
We know there is a link between vulnerability and stress that lead to symptoms but we do not fully understand the mechanism by which the symptoms of Sz appear and how vulnerability and stress produce them
What does Turkington et al argue about in the interactionist and treatments?
Knows there is a good fit between interactionist and treatments however just because they work together does not mean that the interactionist approach is correct
