Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Flashcards
atrophy
decrease of cell size
physciologic: muscle when having a cast
pathogenic: decrease blood supply to muscle
hypertrophy
increase cell size
physiologic: increase muscle size from exercise
pathogenic: aorta being blocked increasing pressure
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells due to cellular division
physiologic: increase breast tissue during pregnancy
pathogenic: increase in uterus during heavy period
metaplasia
reversible replacement of mature cell by different mature cell
pathogenic: smoker having strafied squamous instead of columnar
dysplasia
changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells
pathogenic: pre-cancerous cells
ischemia
reduced oxygen in the blood
anoxia
no oxygen in the blood
apoptosis
programmed cell death, organized, regulated manner
necrosis
sum of cellular chagnes after local cell death
coagulative necrosis
gel-like, protein denaturation, results form severe ischemia
effects: kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands
liquefactive necrosis
soft. liquified, segregates from healthy tissue, results from staphylococci and streptococci
effects: neurons and glial cells in the brain
caseous necrosis
combination of coagulative and liquefactive, tissue resembels soft and granular
fat necrosis
action of lipases
effects: breast, pancreas, other abdominal organs
gangrenous necrosis
death of tissue from severe hypoxic injury
dry: coagulative
wet: liquefactive
gas: necrotic tissue invaded by organism, foul-smelling gases are produced
cellular aging
atrophy, decreased fucntions and loss of cells
