Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Question 1

most important thing about the Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

semi permeable

Question 2

primary intracellular ion

Answer 2

potassium K

Question 3

primary extracellular ion

Answer 3

sodium Na

Question 4

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 4

.

Question 5

Cell membrane semi permeability

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Response to injury/foreign body

invasion

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Metabolism is normally

Answer 7

aerobic

Question 8

Metabolism is normally aerobic (with ___

as byproduct exhaled by the ___)

Answer 8

CO 2, lungs

Question 9

metabolism becomes anaerobic when

Answer 9

When oxygen is not available in amounts

adequate for metabolic needs, metabolism

Question 10

during anaerobic metabolism byproducts are

Answer 10

lactic and pyruvic acids

Question 11

Acid production changes pH in the blood

triggering

Answer 11

the sympathetic nervous system

and “fight or flight” symptoms

Question 12

Semi permeable cell membrane generally allows passage in and out of cell of

Answer 12

H 2 O & dissolved substances (solutes, such as electrolytes)

Question 13

Semi permeable cell membrane does not normally permit passage of

Answer 13

large molecules (plasma proteins, RBCs, etc.)

Question 14

Semi permeable cell membrane: what is the big thing that disease changes

Answer 14

what is able to flow through the membrane

Question 15

Cell membrane: Semi permeable movement of water and solutes (electrolytes) is by means of

Answer 15

active or passive transport

Question 16

With injury , cell membrane becomes permeable to larger substances such as ____, resulting in the inflammatory response & edema

Answer 16

WBCs and albumin

Question 17

With injury , cell membrane becomes permeable to larger substances such as WBCs and albumin, resulting in

Answer 17

the inflammatory response & edema

Question 18

Cellular Communication: Direct linkup

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Cellular Communication: Gap junctions (contact signaling)

Answer 19

.

Question 20

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Hormonal: examples

Answer 20

TSH, EPO

Question 21

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Neurohormonal: examples

Answer 21

Angiotension II

Question 22

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Paracrine

Answer 22

local chemical mediators that act only on nearby cells

Question 23

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Autocrine

Answer 23

self stimulation by cells

Question 24

Cellular Communication: Neurotransmitters: 4 examples

Answer 24

acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, etc.

Question 25

Active or Passive? Diffusion

Answer 25

Passive

Question 26

Active or Passive? Filtration

Answer 26

Passive

Question 27

Active or Passive? Osmosis

Answer 27

Passive

Question 28

Active or Passive? Tonicity (solutes/solvent)

Answer 28

Passive

Question 29

Active or Passive? Passive mediated transport (facilitated transport)

Answer 29

Passive

Question 30

Diffusion

Answer 30

.

Question 31

Filtration

Answer 31

.

Question 32

Osmosis

Answer 32

.

Question 33

Tonicity

Answer 33

.

Question 34

Passive mediated transport

Answer 34

.

Question 35

Osmolarity

Answer 35

measures serum concentration (how much stuff is in the solvent)

Question 36

The movement of solutes (O 2 , CO 2 , urea, electrolytes, etc.) is relative to ___ on the other side of the membrane

Answer 36

size, solubility, electrical properties and concentration

Question 37

Active transport pumps: Examples are sodium pump and

Answer 37

Insulin to transport glucose into cells

Question 38

2 kinds of Hypoxic injury

Answer 38

Ischemia | Anoxia

Question 39

Reperfusion injury

Answer 39

.

Question 40

Cellular responses to hypoxic injury

Answer 40

1. Decrease in ATP, causing failure of sodium potassium pump and sodium calcium exchange 2. Cellular swelling

Question 41

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers | _____response

Answer 41

inflammatory

Question 42

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers inflammatory response. Then you have

Answer 42

altered cell membrane

Question 43

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers inflammatory response. Then you have altered cell membrane. That causes

Answer 43

edema

Question 44

Do i need to know slide 16?

Answer 44

.

Question 45

where cell repair takes place

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

2 important Cellular functions: m___ and c____

Answer 46

Movement | Conductivity

Question 47

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is

Answer 47

CO2

Question 48

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is CO2. If the cells do not have O2 they go into a____

Answer 48

anaerobic

Question 49

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is CO2. If the cells do not have O2 they go into anaerobic. They produce ___ and ___

Answer 49

lactic acid and pyruvic acid

Question 50

Star the cellular metabolism slide

Answer 50

.

Question 51

Acidosis triggers receptors in the ___ and ___ to stimulate the brain to release catecholamines (epi and norepinephrine) to start the flight or fight response

Answer 51

aorta and carotid

Question 52

Acidosis triggers receptors in the aorta and carotid to stimulate the brain to release ____ to start the flight or fight response

Answer 52

catecholamines (epi and norepinephrine)

Question 53

_____ is the building material of cell membrane and myelin sheaths

Answer 53

Cholesterol

Question 54

____ is the most important plasma protein

Answer 54

Albumin

Question 55

Albumin is the most important plasma protein. Fibrinogen and globulin are the other two plasma proteins. They’re made in the ___

Answer 55

liver

Question 56

Edema is when fluid goes to ____ ___

Answer 56

interstitial spaces

Question 57

edema causes BP to

Answer 57

drop (because the fluids not in the vascular anymore)

Question 58

O2 is carried around the body in h____

Answer 58

hemoglobin

Question 59

Exercise promotes the movement of glucose into the cells, so you need less ____

Answer 59

insulin

Question 60

Ischemia vs anoxia

Answer 60

Ischemia- decreased oxygen to the tissues | Anoxia is NO oxygen to the tissues

Question 61

Hypoxemia vs hypoxia

Answer 61

Hypoxemia is low O2 in the blood | Hypoxia is low O2 in the tissue

Question 62

What is thrombosis vs embolism

Answer 62

embolism is when its moving