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Patho > Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology > Flashcards

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Flashcards

1
Q

most important thing about the Plasma Membrane

A

semi permeable

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2
Q

primary intracellular ion

A

potassium K

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3
Q

primary extracellular ion

A

sodium Na

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4
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

.

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5
Q

Cell membrane semi permeability

A

.

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6
Q

Response to injury/foreign body

invasion

A

.

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7
Q

Metabolism is normally

A

aerobic

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8
Q

Metabolism is normally aerobic (with ___

as byproduct exhaled by the ___)

A

CO 2, lungs

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9
Q

metabolism becomes anaerobic when

A

When oxygen is not available in amounts

adequate for metabolic needs, metabolism

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10
Q

during anaerobic metabolism byproducts are

A

lactic and pyruvic acids

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11
Q

Acid production changes pH in the blood

triggering

A

the sympathetic nervous system

and “fight or flight” symptoms

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12
Q

Semi permeable cell membrane generally allows passage in and out of cell of

A

H 2 O & dissolved substances (solutes, such as electrolytes)

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13
Q

Semi permeable cell membrane does not normally permit passage of

A

large molecules (plasma proteins, RBCs, etc.)

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14
Q

Semi permeable cell membrane: what is the big thing that disease changes

A

what is able to flow through the membrane

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15
Q

Cell membrane: Semi permeable movement of water and solutes (electrolytes) is by means of

A

active or passive transport

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16
Q

With injury , cell membrane becomes permeable to larger substances such as ____, resulting in the inflammatory response & edema

A

WBCs and albumin

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17
Q

With injury , cell membrane becomes permeable to larger substances such as WBCs and albumin, resulting in

A

the inflammatory response & edema

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18
Q

Cellular Communication: Direct linkup

A

.

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19
Q

Cellular Communication: Gap junctions (contact signaling)

A

.

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20
Q

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Hormonal: examples

A

TSH, EPO

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21
Q

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Neurohormonal: examples

A

Angiotension II

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22
Q

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Paracrine

A

local chemical mediators that act only on nearby cells

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23
Q

Cellular Communication: Chemical signaling: Autocrine

A

self stimulation by cells

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24
Q

Cellular Communication: Neurotransmitters: 4 examples

A

acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, norepinephrine, etc.

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25
Q

Active or Passive? Diffusion

A

Passive

26
Q

Active or Passive? Filtration

A

Passive

27
Q

Active or Passive? Osmosis

A

Passive

28
Q

Active or Passive? Tonicity (solutes/solvent)

A

Passive

29
Q

Active or Passive? Passive mediated transport (facilitated transport)

A

Passive

30
Q

Diffusion

A

.

31
Q

Filtration

A

.

32
Q

Osmosis

A

.

33
Q

Tonicity

A

.

34
Q

Passive mediated transport

A

.

35
Q

Osmolarity

A

measures serum concentration (how much stuff is in the solvent)

36
Q

The movement of solutes (O 2 , CO 2 , urea, electrolytes, etc.) is relative to ___ on the other side of the membrane

A

size, solubility, electrical properties and concentration

37
Q

Active transport pumps: Examples are sodium pump and

A

Insulin to transport glucose into cells

38
Q

2 kinds of Hypoxic injury

A

Ischemia

Anoxia

39
Q

Reperfusion injury

A

.

40
Q

Cellular responses to hypoxic injury

A
  1. Decrease in ATP, causing failure of sodium
    potassium pump and sodium calcium
    exchange
  2. Cellular swelling
41
Q

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers

_____response

A

inflammatory

42
Q

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers inflammatory response. Then you have

A

altered cell membrane

43
Q

Cell response to injury: Injury or foreign invasion triggers inflammatory response. Then you have altered cell membrane. That causes

A

edema

44
Q

Do i need to know slide 16?

A

.

45
Q

where cell repair takes place

A

nucleus

46
Q

2 important Cellular functions: m___ and c____

A

Movement

Conductivity

47
Q

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is

A

CO2

48
Q

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is CO2. If the cells do not have O2 they go into a____

A

anaerobic

49
Q

Aerobic metabolism: Cell needs oxygen to metabolize. The normal byproduct is CO2. If the cells do not have O2 they go into anaerobic. They produce ___ and ___

A

lactic acid and pyruvic acid

50
Q

Star the cellular metabolism slide

A

.

51
Q

Acidosis triggers receptors in the ___ and ___ to stimulate the brain to release catecholamines (epi and norepinephrine) to start the flight or fight response

A

aorta and carotid

52
Q

Acidosis triggers receptors in the aorta and carotid to stimulate the brain to release ____ to start the flight or fight response

A

catecholamines (epi and norepinephrine)

53
Q

_____ is the building material of cell membrane and myelin sheaths

A

Cholesterol

54
Q

____ is the most important plasma protein

A

Albumin

55
Q

Albumin is the most important plasma protein. Fibrinogen and globulin are the other two plasma proteins. They’re made in the ___

A

liver

56
Q

Edema is when fluid goes to ____ ___

A

interstitial spaces

57
Q

edema causes BP to

A

drop (because the fluids not in the vascular anymore)

58
Q

O2 is carried around the body in h____

A

hemoglobin

59
Q

Exercise promotes the movement of glucose into the cells, so you need less ____

A

insulin

60
Q

Ischemia vs anoxia

A

Ischemia- decreased oxygen to the tissues

Anoxia is NO oxygen to the tissues

61
Q

Hypoxemia vs hypoxia

A

Hypoxemia is low O2 in the blood

Hypoxia is low O2 in the tissue

62
Q

What is thrombosis vs embolism

A

embolism is when its moving

Patho (10 decks)

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