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Patho > Alterations of Endocrine Function I > Flashcards

Alterations of Endocrine Function I Flashcards

1
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

-what is it?

A

When the kidneys are exposed to excessive amounts of ADH

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2
Q

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

-causes

A
  • post surgery: see increased ADH secretion for 5 to 7 days following general anesthesia
  • Ectopic production by cancers
  • Pulmonary infections: TB
  • CNS disorders (stroke)
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3
Q

What is nephrogenic diabetes insidious?

A

Decreased renal response to normal ADH levels

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4
Q

What is Neurogenic diabetes insidious?

A

Decreased ADH secretion from the posterior pituitary or hypothalamus

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5
Q

A patient presents with hyponatremia following surgery. What disorder is a likely cause?

A

SIADH

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6
Q

What is a common cause of SIADH?

A

Lung cancer

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7
Q

Common cause of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is?

A

Taking lithium for bipolar disorder

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8
Q

Patient is diagnosed wit SIADH. Which lab values would be most important to monitor?

A

Sodium

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9
Q

SIADH manifests (displays)with all of the following changes EXCEPT:

A

High volume urine output

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10
Q

A patient is diagnosed with secondary hyperthyroidism manifested by elevated T3/T4 and elevated TSH. Which are the following are possible causes of this condition?

A

Pituitary gland adenoma

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11
Q

In primary hyperthyroidism, both T3/T4 and TSH levels are low? T or F

A

False

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12
Q

Describes pathophysiology of Graves Disease?

A

Production of antibodies that mimic TSH function

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13
Q

Which of the following metabolic changes are indicative of hyperthyroidism?

A

Weight loss

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14
Q

All of the following clinical consequences are associated with long term, untreated hypothyroidism except:

A

Hypertension

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15
Q

Which of the following thyroid diseases would result in goiter?

A

Grave’s disease
Secondary hyperthyroidism
Iodine deficiency

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16
Q

Which of the following problems is a consequence of Hashimoto’s disease?

A

Hypothyroidism

17
Q

Patho of SIADH?

A 
Increased secretion of ADH
Increased permeability of renal tubules to water
Excretion of concentrated urine
Results in hyponatremia 
Increased blood volume/blood pressure
18
Q

Types of diabetes insipidus?

A

Nephrogenic

Neurogenic

19
Q

Patho of neurogenic DI?

A
  • Acute damage to hypothalamus
  • Decreased permeability of renal tubules to water
  • excretion of large volumes of dilute urine
  • High plasma osmolarity and hypernatremia
  • Hypovolemia and hypotension
20
Q

Patho of Nephrogenic DI?

A
  • Damage to renal tubules lead to decreased response to ADH
  • excretion of large volumes of dilute urine
  • High plasma osmolarity and hypernatremia
  • Hypovolemia and hypotension
21
Q

Thyroid hormone (overview)

A
  • produced by follicle cells of the thyroid gland

- hormones produced are T4 and T3

22
Q

Thyroid hormone (psychological effects)

A
  • Stimulates metabolism (main function)
  • Normal maturation of the nervous system and promotes effects of growth hormone (have to have thyroid)
  • Increases target cell responsiveness to catecholamines*
  • raise blood pressure and heart rate
23
Q

What is Hyperthyroidism?

A

When the tissues are exposed to excessive amount of thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

24
Q

Causes of primary hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Genetic predisposition (causes a variety of familial hyperthyroid disorders)
  • Thyroidotis (gets inflamed)
  • Toxic nodular or multinodular goiter (Plummer disease) solid begin tumor
  • Thyroid cancer
25
Q

Causes of secondary hyperthyroidism?

A
  • TSH secreting pituitary adenomas (begin tumors)
  • Graves disease (70%)
  • Overdose of thyroid medicine
26
Q

Patho of primary hyperthyroidism and secondary hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Primary: increase T3/T4 secretion from thyroid gland leads to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression
  • Secondary: increased TSH secretion from anterior pituitary gland leads to increased T3/T4 secretion
27
Q

Due to increased TSH…

A

Goiter possible with secondary hyperthyroidism (elevated TSH causing hyperthyroidism)

28
Q

What is Graves’ disease?

A

An autoimmune disease causing hyperthyroidism (unique)

29
Q

Patho of Graves Disease?

A
  • Overproduction of thyroid autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
  • TSIs mimic effect of TSH
  • Elevated plasma levels of T3/T4 cause TSH suppression
30
Q

Primary Hypothyroidism (etiologies)

A
  • Iodine deficiency ***
  • Congenital lack of thyroid tissue
  • Hashimotos thyroiditis: production of autoantibodies that block TSH receptors
31
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism (etiologies)

A
  • Stroke to hypothalamus or pituitary***
  • Pituitary tumor
  • Postpartum pituitary necrosis
32
Q

Primary hypothyroidism (patho)

A

Decreased T3/T4 secretion from thyroid gland leads to increased TSH secretion

33
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism (patho)

A

Decreased TSH secretion from anterior pituitary gland leads to decreased T3/T4 secretion

34
Q

Clinical consequences (due to decreased T3/T4)

A
  • going to feel really tired
  • decreased neuromuscular activity
  • decreased SNS activity

Patho (3 decks)

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