Alterations In Pulmonary Function Flashcards
orthopnea
dyspnea while laying flat - common in heart failure
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
dyspnea that wakes a person during the night and is relieved by sitting up or standing
orthopnea happens when
stomach contents exert pressure on the diaphragm
irritant (cough) receptors number and location
there are few. distal bronchi and alveoli
acute cough
resolves in 2-3 weeks of onset of illness
or
with treatment of underlying condition
chronic cough is defined as
cough persisting for more than 3 weeks
more appropriate time frame for chronic cough
7 or 8 weeks because acute cough and bronchial hyperactivity can be prolonged in some viral infections
hemoptysis is
coughing of blood. usually bright red, alkaline, frothy (as opposed to vomitted blood (hematemesis) , dark red, acidic, mixed with food particles
kussmaul respiration
Hyperpnea
slight rate increase
very large tidal volume
no expiratory pause
large airway obstruction
slow rate large tidal volume increased effort prolonged inspiration AND expiration stridor or wheezing
small airway obstruction (asthma copd)
fast rate small tidal volume increased effort prolonged EXPIRATION wheezing
restricted breathing caused by lung stiffening disorders
small tidal volume
rapid rate
rapid expiration
shock and severe cerebral hypoxia breathing characteristics
irregular
quick
gasping inspirations
expiratory pauses
cheyne stokes
alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing
apnea lasting 15-60 seconds followed by
ventilations that increase in volume until a peak is reached and apnea occurs again
hypoventilation
inadequate alveolar ventilation in relation to metabolic demands
