Alterations in gas exchanges and respiratory disorders Flashcards
Risk factors
-Young age
-Medical conditions
-Premature children
Which method should you use to ask questions?
PQRSTU
What aspects should be included in inspection?
-Pallor
-Cyanosis
-Skin color
-Respirations
-WOB
-Cough
-Nasal flaring
-Head bobbing
-Restlessness
-Anxiety
-Legarthy
-Clubbing
-HYDRATION STATUS
What is a true sign of hypoxia in children?
Central cyanosis
What should you assess in palpation?
-Sinuses for tenderness
-Enlargement of lymph nodes
-Symmetry of chest walls
-Peripheral pulses
-Sunken/depressed fontanelles
-Skin turgor
How to diagnose?
-ABG’s
-Chest x-rays
-Aspirations of secretions
-Pulmonary function test
-Sputum culture
-Throat culture
-Sweat chloride test (cystic fibrosis)
-MRI
Treatments for common cold?
No treatment, treat symptoms
Common cold teaching
-Handwashing
-Coughing/sneezing in arm
-Avoiding people with colds and large crowds (especially in the winter)
What is influenza caused by?
A virus
Influenza signs and symptoms?
-Fever
-Facial flushing
-Chills
-Headache
-Myalgia
-Cough
-Nasal discharge
What is tamiflu?
Antiviral drug given in the 1st 12-48 hours of the illness. It shortens the time of the flu.
Tamiflu side effects?
-Diarrhea
-Nausea/vomiting
What is Croup?
Inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
Is croup viral or bacterial?
VIRAL
Symptoms of croup?
-Barking cough, hoarseness of the cough, stridor
When do croup symptoms appear the most?
At night, and disappear in the morning
Treatment for croup?
Usually treated at home
Teaching for croup?
-Quiet activities
-Avoid crying
-Rest (sitting position)
-Fluids +
-Cold air
What is epiglottis?
Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis
Epiglottitis symptoms?
-Sudden onset of symptoms
-High fever
-Toxic appearance
-Dysphagia
-Uses a soft voice to talk or refuses to talk
Diagnostic tests for epiglottitits?
Neck x-ray
What are some nursing considerations with epiglottis?
-Don’t ask to see in throat (could cause laryngospasm)
-Administer oxygen
-Do not leave children unattended
-Emergency equipment near
Treatment for epiglottis?
Immediate intubation, IV antibiotics until epiglottis returns to normal size
What is bronchiolitis?
Acute inflammation of bronchioles and bronchi
Pathophysiology of bronchiolitis?
Like parasite invading the epithelium of the small airways causing destruction of surrounding cells, after destruction, more cells are made but have NO ciliary action causing secretion stasis —> Irritation to rest system creating oedema. Air can get trapped.
Bronchiolitis symptoms?
-Cough
-Rhinorhea
-Respitory distress
-Central apnea
-Expiration time increases
Diagnosis test for bronchiolitis?
-SPO2
-Chest x=ray
-ABG’s
-Hypercapnia
Vital signs with bronchiolitis?
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
-Decrease O2 levels
-Mild fever
Prevention for bronchiolitis?
-Breastfeeding
-Hand washing
What is Synagis vaccine?
RSV prevention
Who is Synagis vaccine given to?
Under 6 months at beginning of RSV season
What route is Synagis vaccine given by?
IM
What is cystic fibrosis?
Autosomal disorder
CF pathophysiology?
Missing chloride ions, water flow is altered and is not able to enter cell properly causing thick mucus.
