Alterations in Cardiovascular Function and Perfusion Flashcards
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has coronary artery disease (CAD) about prevention of progression of the disease. Which of the following lifestyle modifications should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Restricting fluids to 2 liter per day
b. Cessation of intravenous (IV) drug use
c. Controlling of hypertension
d. Prevention of injury to lower extremities
c. Controlling of hypertension
Reducing or controlling hypertension is a lifestyle modification indicated for clients who have CAD. Reducing hypertension, along with other lifestyle modifications, can help decrease or avoid recurrence of CAD and its progression.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following blood tests should the nurse understand will evaluate the severity of heart failure and risk of death?
a. Troponin I
b. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
c. Homocysteine level
d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
b. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Elevated BNP levels should be an expected lab for clients who have heart failure. This lab test corresponds with the New York Heart Association Classification system and is a strong predictor of readmission and the risk of death at discharge.
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute pericarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)
a. Hiccups
b. Dysphagia
c. Weight gain
d. Increased urination
e. Chest pain
a. Hiccups
b. Dysphagia
e. Chest pain
Hiccups is correct. Hiccups are a manifestation of pericarditis and are caused by the irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart’s constant motion.
Dysphagia is correct. Dysphagia or difficulty swallowing is a manifestation of pericarditis and is caused by the irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart’s constant motion.
Weight gain is incorrect. Weight gain is associated with atrial fibrillation. Clients experiencing pericarditis will have a loss in weight.
Increased urination is incorrect. Increased urination is associated with atrial fibrillation. Pericarditis does not affect urination.
Chest pain is correct. Chest pain is a manifestation of pericarditis and are caused by the irritation and inflammation that occur due to the heart’s constant motion.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has aortic regurgitation. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the pathophysiology of valvular regurgitation?
a. “The valve is not opening completely. Blood in the heart is backing up because the valves are narrowed due to the valve not opening completely.”
b. “The valve is functioning normally. The blood flow is sluggish from one chamber to the next due to the valve not completely closing.”
c. “The valve is not closing completely. Blood in the heart is backing up from one chamber of the heart to another chamber due to the valve not completely closing.”
d. “The valve opening is narrowed. The blood flow in the heart is more forceful due to the narrowing of the valves causing them not to close completely.”
c. “The valve is not closing completely. Blood in the heart is backing up from one chamber of the heart to another chamber due to the valve not completely closing.”
Regurgitation occurs when the valves do not close completely, and blood backs up into the chamber from which it came.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of clients regarding modifiable risk factors for developing valvular dysfunction. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Elevated homocysteine levels
b. Increased stress levels
c. Hypertension
d. Chronic pulmonary disease
c. Hypertension
Hypertension is a risk factor for developing valvular dysfunction and is a modifiable risk factor that the client can change.
A nurse is collecting data from a client’s ECG strip and identifies the following information:
HR: 75 bpm
Rhythm: Regular
P wave: One before each QRS complex
PR interval: 0.16 seconds
QRS duration: 0.08 seconds
Based upon this information, the nurses will interpret the client’s rhythm as which of the following?
a. Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
b. Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)
c. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
d. Sinus bradycardia (SB)
a. Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
The information identified from the ECG analysis is within the normal ECG analysis parameters.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching to a client who has heart failure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Maintain six feet between oxygen and an open flame.
b. Perform foot care to prevent wounds and gangrene.
c. Ambulate frequently to prevent development of venous ulcers.
d. Increase fluid intake to prevent constipation.
a. Maintain six feet between oxygen and an open flame.
Clients should be taught to maintain six feet between the oxygen and any open flame.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching for a client who has been diagnosed with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Decrease oral fluids to 2 liters daily.
b. Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation.
c. Notify the healthcare provider if the client develops hiccups.
d. Evaluate potential fall risks in the home environment.
d. Evaluate potential fall risks in the home environment.
Clients who have SVT or PSVT may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or syncope. If the client is symptomatic, they have an increased risk of falls and should evaluate potential causes of falls in their home.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client about reducing risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Which of the following client statements indicates to the nurse understanding of the teaching?
a. “I will follow a moderate exercise regimen.”
b. “I will only smoke cigars.”
c. “Coronary artery disease is an unavoidable part of aging.”
d. “I will drink whole milk with my meals.”
a. “I will follow a moderate exercise regimen.”
The nurse should teach the clients to follow a moderate exercise regimen as inactivity increases the risk of CAD.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) about the cause of the condition. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. “Your heart condition is caused by excessive stretching of the ventricles.”
b. “Your heart condition is caused from stiffening of the walls of the ventricles.”
c. “Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum.”
d. “Your heart condition is caused when the ventricular tissue becomes fibrous and fatty.”
c. “Your heart condition is caused by thickening of the ventricular walls and septum.”
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac disorder that results from hypertrophy or thickening of the left ventricular walls and septum.
A nurse is reviewing diagnostic tests for a client who has peripheral artery disease. Which of the following ankle-brachial index results (ABI) should the nurse understand indicates peripheral artery disease?
a. ABI ratio of 1.0
b. ABI ratio of 1.2
c. ABI ratio of 0.7
d. ABI ratio of 0.9
c. ABI ratio of 0.7
An abnormal ABI would be present in a client with peripheral artery disease. It confirms the assessment finding of decreased or absent pulses in the lower extremities. The normal ABI ratio is 0.9-1.2
