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Pathology > Alteration in immunity > Flashcards

Alteration in immunity Flashcards

1
Q

3 requirements for hypersensitivity

A
  1. original “insult”
  2. genetic makeup
  3. immune response
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2
Q

Hypersensitivity type 1
Hypersensitivity type 2
Hypersensitivity type 3
Hypersensitivity type 4

A

Type 1: igE mediated
Type 2: tissue specific
Type 3: immune complex mediated
Type 4: cell mediated

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3
Q

Define allergy, autoimmunity, and aulloimmunity.

A

environment, self, and other

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4
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are ____ and ____ mediated. Involves _____

A

I, II, III ; antibody, anaphylaxis

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5
Q

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are ____ and ___ mediated. Name examples

A

Type IV; cell mediated;

poison ivy, metal, TB skin test

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6
Q

what does igE activate

A

Activates mast cells, which degranulates and initiates cytokine synthesis

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7
Q

symptoms seen with type 1 hypersensitivity

A 
-Pruritus (itchy)
-Angioedema (dermis swelling)
-Urticaria (wheel and flare hives)
-Conjunctivitis
-Rhinitis
-Hypotension
-Bronchospasm
-Dysrhythmias
-GI cramps and malabsorption
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8
Q

symptoms of mild anaphylaxis

A

itching, hives, skin erythema, contraction of respiratory bronchioles

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9
Q

symptoms of severe anaphylaxis

A

laryngeal edema
vascular collapse
death

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10
Q

what does 4 things epinephrine do?

A
  1. constrict blood vessels
  2. relax smooth muscles
  3. stimulates heartbeat
  4. reduces swelling
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11
Q

what are two types of hypersensitivity 1 treatment?

A

desensitization; still allergic

Tolerance (ideal!!)

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12
Q

Type II is a tissue-specific hypersensitivity that involves ______.

A

pre-formed antibodies

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13
Q

5 mechanisms for type 2 hypersensitivity

A
  1. complement-mediated lysis
  2. phagocytosis
  3. tissue destruction
  4. ADCC
  5. Induced cell malfunction
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14
Q

complement-mediated lysis

A

mechanism: igm recognizes the surface of the RBC which activates C1 resulting in lysis of the RBC
- seen in hemolytic anemia

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15
Q

phagocytosis

A

AB serve as opsinins or complement cascade

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16
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

destruction of a fetus’s red blood cells by the mother’s immune system, caused by differing Rh factors between mother and fetus. maternal AB

17
Q

ADCC

A

natural killer cells

18
Q

Induced cell malfunction

A

antibodies formed against receptors

19
Q

Examples of Induced cell malfunction

A 
Myasthenia gravis (block receptors, causes droopy eyelid, blur, or double vision)
Graves disease (stimulate, increase in metablosim, lid retraction)
20
Q

Anti-glomerular basement antibody disease is usually found in what type of workers?

A

farmers working with pesticide; type II

21
Q

alloimmune type II

A

hyperacute graft rejection

hemolytic disease of the newborn

22
Q

Type III hypersensitivities are ___ mediated and ____ are formed

A

antibody; immune complexes

23
Q

___ ___ is a type III hypersensitivity where an immune complex forms in the blood

A

serum sickness

24
Q

___ ___ is a type III hypersensitivity characterized by localized vasculitis where pre-formed antibodies interact w/ antigens at the site of exposure

A

arthus reaction

25
Q

immune complex mediated diseases

A 
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
polyarteritis nodosa
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Reactive arthritis
26
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by ___

A

t lympochytes

27
Q

examples of delayed response

A

contact allergic reactions
skin test for TB
Acute graft rejection
some autoimmune diseases

28
Q

3 types of Cell mediated response

A
  1. environmental-contact dermatitis (nickle, poison ivy)
    Stevens-Johnsons Syndromes
  2. tuberculin-type
  3. autoimmune-
  4. Crohn’s disease
  5. Multiple sclerosis
  6. Type I diabetes
29
Q

Type I, II, III, IV enVironmental allergens

A

Type I: pollens, molds, fungi, foods, animals
○ Type II: antibiotics, latex
○ Type III: hepatitis B
○ Type IV: plant resins, metal, chemicals

30
Q

Most allergies are Type ___

A

I

31
Q

The eye is the most ___ mucous membrane and there are __ __ mast cells per eye

A

exposed, 50 million

32
Q

Farmer’s lung (AKA hypersensitivity ___) is due to inhaled ___

A

Type III, antigens

33
Q

Type IV is mostly caused by what category of molecule?

A

haptens

34
Q

neomyoCin

A

It could have started out as an initial dermatological inflammatory response, and the treatment that
they received was a multi-steroid ointment that contained neomycin

Pathology (13 decks)

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