Alteration in immunity

Question 1

3 requirements for hypersensitivity

Answer 1

1. original “insult”
2. genetic makeup
3. immune response

Question 2

Hypersensitivity type 1
Hypersensitivity type 2
Hypersensitivity type 3
Hypersensitivity type 4

Answer 2

Type 1: igE mediated
Type 2: tissue specific
Type 3: immune complex mediated
Type 4: cell mediated

Question 3

Define allergy, autoimmunity, and aulloimmunity.

Answer 3

environment, self, and other

Question 4

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are ____ and ____ mediated. Involves _____

Answer 4

I, II, III ; antibody, anaphylaxis

Question 5

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are ____ and ___ mediated. Name examples

Answer 5

Type IV; cell mediated;

poison ivy, metal, TB skin test

Question 6

what does igE activate

Answer 6

Activates mast cells, which degranulates and initiates cytokine synthesis

Question 7

symptoms seen with type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 7

-Pruritus (itchy)
-Angioedema (dermis swelling)
-Urticaria (wheel and flare hives)
-Conjunctivitis
-Rhinitis
-Hypotension
-Bronchospasm
-Dysrhythmias
-GI cramps and malabsorption

Question 8

symptoms of mild anaphylaxis

Answer 8

itching, hives, skin erythema, contraction of respiratory bronchioles

Question 9

symptoms of severe anaphylaxis

Answer 9

laryngeal edema
vascular collapse
death

Question 10

what does 4 things epinephrine do?

Answer 10

1. constrict blood vessels
2. relax smooth muscles
3. stimulates heartbeat
4. reduces swelling

Question 11

what are two types of hypersensitivity 1 treatment?

Answer 11

desensitization; still allergic

Tolerance (ideal!!)

Question 12

Type II is a tissue-specific hypersensitivity that involves ______.

Answer 12

pre-formed antibodies

Question 13

5 mechanisms for type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 13

1. complement-mediated lysis
2. phagocytosis
3. tissue destruction
4. ADCC
5. Induced cell malfunction

Question 14

complement-mediated lysis

Answer 14

mechanism: igm recognizes the surface of the RBC which activates C1 resulting in lysis of the RBC
- seen in hemolytic anemia

Question 15

phagocytosis

Answer 15

AB serve as opsinins or complement cascade

Question 16

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer 16

destruction of a fetus’s red blood cells by the mother’s immune system, caused by differing Rh factors between mother and fetus. maternal AB

Question 17

ADCC

Answer 17

natural killer cells

Question 18

Induced cell malfunction

Answer 18

antibodies formed against receptors

Question 19

Examples of Induced cell malfunction

Answer 19

Myasthenia gravis (block receptors, causes droopy eyelid, blur, or double vision)
Graves disease (stimulate, increase in metablosim, lid retraction)

Question 20

Anti-glomerular basement antibody disease is usually found in what type of workers?

Answer 20

farmers working with pesticide; type II

Question 21

alloimmune type II

Answer 21

hyperacute graft rejection

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 22

Type III hypersensitivities are ___ mediated and ____ are formed

Answer 22

antibody; immune complexes

Question 23

___ ___ is a type III hypersensitivity where an immune complex forms in the blood

Answer 23

serum sickness

Question 24

___ ___ is a type III hypersensitivity characterized by localized vasculitis where pre-formed antibodies interact w/ antigens at the site of exposure

Answer 24

arthus reaction

Question 25

immune complex mediated diseases

Answer 25

``` poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis polyarteritis nodosa Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis Reactive arthritis ```

Question 26

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by ___

Answer 26

t lympochytes

Question 27

examples of delayed response

Answer 27

contact allergic reactions skin test for TB Acute graft rejection some autoimmune diseases

Question 28

3 types of Cell mediated response

Answer 28

1. environmental-contact dermatitis (nickle, poison ivy) Stevens-Johnsons Syndromes 2. tuberculin-type 3. autoimmune- 1. Crohn's disease 2. Multiple sclerosis 3. Type I diabetes

Question 29

Type I, II, III, IV enVironmental allergens

Answer 29

Type I: pollens, molds, fungi, foods, animals ○ Type II: antibiotics, latex ○ Type III: hepatitis B ○ Type IV: plant resins, metal, chemicals

Question 30

Most allergies are Type ___

Answer 30

I

Question 31

The eye is the most ___ mucous membrane and there are __ __ mast cells per eye

Answer 31

exposed, 50 million

Question 32

Farmer's lung (AKA hypersensitivity ___) is due to inhaled ___

Answer 32

Type III, antigens

Question 33

Type IV is mostly caused by what category of molecule?

Answer 33

haptens

Question 34

neomyoCin

Answer 34

It could have started out as an initial dermatological inflammatory response, and the treatment that they received was a multi-steroid ointment that contained neomycin