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ALS THEORY > ALS > Flashcards

ALS Flashcards

1
Q

During Cardiac Arrest, what medication can you give first

A

Adrenaline

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2
Q

Cardiac arrest: When do you give Adrenaline

A

Immediately if no shockable rhythm or on the 2nd shock in a shockable rhythm

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3
Q

How frequently during an arrest can you administer Adrenaline

A

Every alternative loop

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4
Q

What dose of Adrenaline do you administer

A

1mg bolus

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5
Q

When else would you administer Adrenaline

A

Anaphylaxis

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6
Q

What dose do you administer for anaphylaxis

A

0.5mg IM

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7
Q

What 2 main medication do you give during Cardiac Arrest

A

Adrenaline and Amiodarone

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8
Q

What medication do you give for symptomatic Bradycardia

A

Atropine

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9
Q

What does of Atropine do you give in symptomatic Bradycardia

A

600mcg/ 0.6mg IV

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10
Q

What’s the Action of giving Adrenaline in cardiac arrest patients

A

Produces vasoconstriction, increasing cerebral and coronary perfusion

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11
Q

What are the Adverse reactions of giving adrenaline in CA patients

A

Tachyarrythmias, severe hypertension, tissue necrosis

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12
Q

When would you administer amiodarone during cardiac arrest

A

AFTER the 3rd shock, further 150mg after the 5th shock

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13
Q

What’s the dose of Amiodarone given and what’s it mixed with

A

300mg bolus in 20mls of 5% glucose

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14
Q

What’s the action of Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic

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15
Q

What are the adverse reactions of Amiodarone

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, QT prolongation, Heart Block

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16
Q

When else outside of CA should you give Amiodarone and what dose

A

Tacharrhythmias, 300mg IV

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17
Q

What would you administer to treat:
Hyperkalemia (High K+)
Hypocalcaemia (Low calcium) or
Calcium channel blocker overdose?

A

Calcium Chloride

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18
Q

What’s the dose and how is it given of Calcium Chloride?

A

10mls of 10% (6.8mmol) Bolus

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19
Q

What’s the Action of Calcium Chloride

A

Increase myocardial cells response to a stimulus, increases heart contractions, increases peripheral resistances

20
Q

Why’s the adverse reaction to Calcium Chloride

A

Tissue necrosis

21
Q

What medication should be given for Hypokalaemia

A

Potassium

22
Q

What’s the dose of Potassium given during a cardiac arrest ?

A

5mmol bolus from a 10mmol bag

23
Q

What is the action of potassium

A

Essential electrolyte for membrane stability and contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle

24
Q

What are the adverse reaction of potassium

A

Hyperkalaemia, hypotension, bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, necrosis, cardiac arrest

25
Q

Which drug should be given to treat: Hyperkalaemia, Tricyclic Antidepressant OD, Metabolic Acidosis, Prolonged Cardiac Arrest?

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

26
Q

What’s dose of Sodium Bicarbonate do you administer

A

100mls of 8.4% or 1 mmol/kg

27
Q

What’s the action of Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Alkalising solution

28
Q

What are the adverse reactions of Sodium Bicarbonate

A

Conversation of CO2, worsening acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, Hypokalaemia

29
Q

What is the action of administrating Atropine

A

Increases HR and improves the atrioventricular conduction

30
Q

What are the Adverse reactions of Atropine

A

Anticholinergic effects: blurred vision, urinary retention, vasodilation

31
Q

What is an alternative drug given during Cardiac Arrest when Amiodarone is unavailable or contraindicated

A

Lignocaine

32
Q

What’s the dose and how do you administered Lignocaine during CA

A

1mg/kg bolus and 0.5mg/kg bolus during resus

33
Q

What’s the action of Lignocaine

A

Membrane stabilising agent ( anti-arrhythmic and sodium channel blocker

34
Q

What are the adverse reactions of Lignocaine

A

Seizures, agitation, ALOC, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Heart Block

35
Q

What medication do you administer to treat: VT, Torsades de Pointes, SVT, Digoxin Toxicity and Hypomagnesamia

A

Magnesium

36
Q

What dose of Magnesium do you give

A

5mmol bolus

37
Q

What’s the action of Magnesium

A

Slows the rate of the SA node & prolongs conduction time, depresses skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle activity

38
Q

What are the Adverse reactions of Magnesium

A

Hypotension, flushing, diaphoresis, flaccid paralysis, diarrhoea

39
Q

What are the 4 Hs?

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypo/Hyperkalaemia
Hypo/Hyperthermia

40
Q

What are the 4 Ts?

A

Toxins
Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombus

41
Q

Shockable Rhythms are:

A

No pulse Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) + Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)

42
Q

Non- Shockable Rhythms are:

A

PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity) + Asystole

43
Q

When planning to shock what is the voltage?

A

200j for 1st shock, 360j for all others

44
Q

During CA: how much should you be flushing pre and post drugs & what drug requires glucose

A

20mls n/s & amiodarone requires glucose 20mls pre and post administration

45
Q

What are 2 airway techniques that can be placed to assist airway?

A

OPA & NPA

ALS THEORY (2 decks)

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