ALS Flashcards

1
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as what?

A

Lou gehrig disease

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2
Q

Define ALS

A

A rare, progressive neuro disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons

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3
Q

Survival of ALS

A

Death usually occurs around 3 years after diagnosis

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4
Q

What are the Risk factors for ALS (4)

A

Age: 40-70
Gender: Male
Genetics (10%)
Smoking

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5
Q

Patho of ALS

A

Motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord gradually degenerate

Electrical and chemical messages from the brain do not reach the muscles

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6
Q

what could cause ALS

A

“Excitotoxicity hypothesis”

Excessive levels of glutamate initiate a cascade of events that lead to neuron death

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7
Q

drug that improves survival in ALS

A

Antiglutaminergic drug (Riluzole)

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations of ALS

A
Weakness of upper extremities 
- (sometimes begins in the legs)
- Muscle wasting
- Spasticity
Dysarthria, dysphagia, drooling
Cognitive and behavioral changes
Constipation
Sleep problems
Breathing
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9
Q

Class of Riluzole (Rilutek)

A

glutamate inhibitor

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10
Q

Indication for Riluzole

A

Only drug approved for ALS

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11
Q

MOA of Riluzole

A

Glutamate antagonist

Reduces damage to motor neurons

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12
Q

S/E of Riluzole

A

dizziness
GI upset
hepatotoxicity

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