alphabet

Question 1

A "ah"
B
C
D
E
F
G "gey"
H "haa"
I   "eeh"
J  "yott"
K  "kah"
L
M
N
O
P
Q "koo"
R  "err"
S
T
U "oo"
V "fow"
W "v"
X
Y  "epseelohn"
Z   "zett"

Question 2

CH

Answer 2

after A, O, U, and AU, CH sounds like an english “k” except less abrupt. The sound is made by reducing the gap in the back of your mouth.

Question 3

NG

Answer 3

In German, NG is always pronounced softly, like “singer” and never like “finger”

Question 4

GN and KN

Answer 4

The G in GN and the K in KN are never silent.

Question 5

TH

Answer 5

The H in TH becomes silent, and so it sounds like “t”

Question 6

PF

Answer 6

They are voiced like regular Ps and F’s but are said together as a single sound.

Question 7

SS or the German grapheme (looks like a weird “B”)

Answer 7

Has a sharp “s” sound. In some places, the grapheme has become obsolete and is just replaced with SS.

Question 8

SCH

Answer 8

Similar to the “SH” sound in English, although German speakers round their lips more and produce a slightly different sound.

Question 9

ST and SP

Answer 9

When these letter combinations appear at the start of a word or in a compound word, the S part actually takes on the same sound as the English “SH,” so that ST sounds like “sht” and SP sounds like “shp.”

Question 10

Umlauts (A, O, and U with the two little dots over them)

Answer 10

The dots above these extra letters indicate a sharper sound, made more in the front of your mouth

Question 11

Diphthongs

Answer 11

When two different vowels appear together, they are called "diphthongs." Instead of pronouncing each one separately, you simply blend them together.
AU - Sounds like "ou" in "noun"
EU - Sounds like "oy" in "boy"
ÄU - Sounds like "oy" in "boy"
EI - Sounds like "eye"
IE - Sounds like "ee" in "bee"

Question 12

plural pronouns

Answer 12

wir = we
ihr  =  you (informal; plural)
Sie =  you (formal)
sie =   they

Question 13

singular pronouns

Answer 13

ich = I
du = you (informal)
sie = she
er  = he
es = it