alpha-lipoid acid Flashcards
Alpha-Lipoid Acid
sulfur containing coenzyme found as oxidized form or reduced dihydrolipoic acid
reduced dihydrolipoic acid, AKA…
thioctic acid or R-5-(1,2-dithiolane) pentanoic acid
Naturally occurring lipoic acid?
D configuration (R-lipoic acid)
What can competitively inhibit and antagonize the uptake of D-lipoic acid (RLA)?
L-lipoid acid (SLA)
What is the bioavailability of D-lipoic acid (RLA)?
30 % at 200 mg
Lipoic acid can be synthesized by?
liver
What enzyme drives lipoic acid de novo synthesis?
lipoid acid synthase
- utilizes medium chain fatty acid octanoic acid and cysteine
Lipoic acid is a coenzyme for what?
oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoacids by assisting acyl-group transfers
Lipoic acid is first converted to?
lipoamide
How is lipoic acid converted to lipoamide?
by its covalent bonding to a lysine residue (via amide linkage) belonging to dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, also known as…
E2
E2 can be found in?
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- a-ketogluterate dehydrogenase
- branched chain a-ketoacid dehydrogenase
Why is arsenic poisonous?
covalently binds to lipoamide
What is a potent antioxidant in fat and water soluble mediums?
lipoic acid
Lipoic acid is known to scavenge?
hydroxyl radicals using dihydrolipoic acid form
What nutrient is can regenerate ascorbate and glutathione, and indirectly regerate vitamin E?
lipoic acid
Lipoic acid can increase intracellular levels of what?
coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
How does lipoic acid prevent atherosclerosis?
antioxidant protection of LDL’s
What are the antihypertensive effects of Lipoic acid ?
decrease in oxidative stress to vascular endothelial cells
How does Lipoic acid effect diabetics?
improves neuropathic symptoms and deficits
safe dosage for Lipoic acid?
600 - 1800 mg
