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3 Pharma > Alpha blockers > Flashcards

Alpha blockers Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha 2A locations:

A

medulla (presynpactic)

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2
Q

Alpha 2A stimulation results in:

A

decreased sympathetic outflow

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3
Q

Alpha 2B locations:

A

vascular smooth muscle

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4
Q

Alpha 2B stimulation results in:

A

vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Mechanism of action of Clonidine

A

ALPHA 2 AGONIST

activation of central presynaptic alpha 2A receptors –> suppression of central symp. outflow

suppression of peripheral presynaptic alpha 2 receptors –> inhibition of NE, ATP, NPY release

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6
Q

Effects of Clonidine?

A

CNS - decreases BP (HR, SV decrease and relaxation of capacitance vessels)

Renal - decreases renin (alpha 2 stimulation)

Eyes - decreases IOP

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7
Q

Abrupt discontinuation of clonidine after high dosage prolonged use can result in

A

hypertensive crisis

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8
Q

Major therapeutic use of clonidine?

Minor?

A

Major: hypertension

Minor: decrease diarrhea in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy;
treatment of withdrawal of opiate addicts (their bp may increase);
menopausal hot flashes

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9
Q

MoA of methyldopa?

A

ALPHA 2 AGONIST

a-methylnorepinephrine (metabolite) stimulates alpha 2 receptors in brainstem

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10
Q

Effects of methyldopa?

A

CVS - decreases PVR. (little change in CO and HR)

renal system - decreases renin secretion (alpha 2)

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11
Q

Most common side effect of methyldopa?

A

sedation.

Also, dry mouth.

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12
Q

Which adrenergic drug causes a positive Coombs test?

A

methyldopa

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13
Q

Which alpha 2 agonist is used to decrease IOP?

A

apraclonidine

brimonidine

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14
Q

Which alpha 2 agonist is used as a muscle relaxant for treatment of spasticity?

A

Tizanidine

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15
Q

Which alpha 2 agonist is used as an anti-MI drug

A

Mivazerol

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16
Q

Which alpha 2 agonist is used to treat HTN AND ADHD in 16-17 year olds

A

Guanfacine

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17
Q

Result of alpha 1 blockage:

A

Beta 2 unopposed - vasodilation and decrease of PVR and BP

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18
Q

Result of alpha 2 blockage

A

presynaptic –> inhibition of inhibition of NE –> INCREASES NE –> B1 in heart and JG cells stimulated –> INCREASED HR and renin release

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19
Q

Alpha blocker used as diagnostic test for pheochromocytoma?

A

phentolamine

20
Q

Major adverse affect of phentolamine

A

hypotension (can result in reflex tachycardia)

21
Q

Alpha antagonist with 100x greater selectivity for alpha 1 over alpha 2. Used in pheochromocytoma

A

phenoxybenzamine

22
Q

What used to treat HTN crisis following clonidine withdrawal?

A

phentolamine

23
Q

What general drug class is used to treat pseudo-obstruction of the bowels

A

alpha blocker

24
Q

What is used to treat dermal necrosis?

A

phentolamine

25
Q

What is used to treat Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

PBZ or prazosin (CCB preferred)

26
Q

List 5 selective alpha 1 blockers

A 
Prazosin
Terasozin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
27
Q

Which drugs have alpha 1ABD selectivity?

A

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

28
Q

Which drugs have alpha 1A selectivity

A

Tamsulosin, alfuzosin

29
Q

Alpha 1A found in

A

prostate, bladder neck

30
Q

Alpha 1B found in

A

blood vessels

31
Q

Which selective alpha 1 blocker is not a quinazoline?

A

Tamsulosin

32
Q

Which selective alpha 1 blockers induce apoptosis in prostate

A

terazosin, doxazosin

33
Q

Which selective alpha 1 blockers treat only BPH and not HTN?

A

Tamsulosin, alfuzosin

34
Q

Which selective alpha 1 blocker is used in SHORT term treatment of CHF?

A

Prazosin

35
Q

Which selective alpha 1 blockers are more prone to the first-dose effect?

A

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

36
Q

Alpha 1 blockers dilate or constrict blood vessels?

A

Dilate

37
Q

Selective alpha 2 blocker sold as dietary supplement.

A

Yohimbine (increases BP/HR, produces tremors)

38
Q

Which ergot alkaloids are used in uterine atony postpartum/postpartum hemorrhage?

A

ergonovine/methylergonovine (causes uterine contraction)

39
Q

Which ergot alkaloid is used in migraines?

A

ergotamine/dihydroergotamine

40
Q

What is cafergot?

A

ergot alkaloid + caffeine to facilitate absorption

41
Q

Which ergot alkaloids decrease prolactin secretion?

A

cabergoline, bromocriptine (high selectivity for pituitary dopamine receptors)

42
Q

Which ergot alkaloid is used in senile cerebral insufficiency?

A

dihydroergotoxine

43
Q

Which ergot alkaloid is used in parkinsonism?

A

Bromocriptine (as a dopamine agonist)

44
Q

Prolonged vasospasm caused by ergotamine or ergonovine can result in:

A

gangrene

45
Q

Imidazoline agonist, anti-hypertensive.

Acts on rostral ventro-lateral pressor and ventromedial depressor areas of the medulla oblongata.

A

Moxonidine

Rilmenidine

46
Q

Difference between brimonidine and aproclonidine?

A

Brimonidine crosses BBB, but not apraclonidine

47
Q

The only alpha 2 antagonist studied

A

yohimbine

3 Pharma (8 decks)

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