Allotropes Of Carbon

Question 1

Explain the structure and properties of diamond.

Answer 1

In diamond, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms in a giant covalent structure.
So diamond is very hard, has a very high melting point and does not conduct electricity.

Question 2

Explain the structure and properties of graphite.

Answer 2

In graphite, each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms, forming layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between the layers.
In graphite, one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised.
So, graphite conducts electricity.

Question 3

Explain the properties, structure and uses of graphene.

Answer 3

Graphene is one layer if graphite ; it is one atom thick (2D).
It is strong, yet light, so can be used in composite materials.
It contains delocalised electrons, so it can conduct electricity, which makes it useful in electronics.

Question 4

What is the structure and formula of Buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 4

Buckminsterfullerene ( C60 ) contains molecules of carbon arranged in a hollow sphere.

Question 5

Describe the structure of fullerenes.

Answer 5

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms mainly arranged in hexagons, pentagons or heptagons.
Fullerenes are arranged in hollow shapes - spheres or tubes.

Question 6

Describe the properties of fullerenes.

Answer 6

Carbon nanotubes - high length : diameter ratio.
Carbon nanotubes - conduct electricity and thermal energy.
Carbon nanotubes - high tensile strength.
Fullerenes - large surface area.

Question 7

Describe the uses of fullerenes.

Answer 7

Fullerenes can be used to ‘cage’ molecules - delivering a drug around the body.
Fullerenes’ large SA - industrial catalysts and lubricants.
Carbon nanotubes - electronics.
Carbon nanotubes - strengthening materials ( tennis racket frames ).