Allergy, Immunology, Poisoning Flashcards
child in impoverished neighborhood, language regression and anemia due to =
results from inhibition of ferrochelatase and _________, and leads to elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels
lead toxicity
delta - aminolevulinic acid dehydratase
hepatitis B virus does not have a cytotoxic effect itself, however, the presence of viral HBsAg and HBcAg on the cell surface stimulate the host’s __________ to destroy infected hepatocytes
CD8+ CTL
skin rash, photosensitivity, arthralgias, renal disease in 23 year old caucasian female =
antibodies include ANA, anti smith, and _______
SLE
anti-dsDNA
acute salicylate intoxication typically presents with nausea/vomit, confusion, dizziness, ______, fever, and tachypnea. Patients present with respiratory ________ which occurs first, resulting in increased ventilation and loss of CO2 as salicylates directly stimulated medullary respiratory center. Then __________ begins to develop 12 hours later, which will present with an acidotic pH with both low plasma HCO3 and PaCO2.
Tinnitus
alkalosis
anion gap metabolic acidosis
recurrent episodes of colicky abdominal pain and facial swelling likely has ______ due to ________ deficiency. It causes increased cleavage of C2 and C4 and results in unchecked conversion of kininogen to ________ resulting in increased levels and angioedema
angioedema
C1 inhibitor deficiency
bradykinin
the structure genes for pilus proteins (gonococci virulence) undergo _____________ at a high frequency, preventing long lasting immunity from developing
antigenic variation
boy with fever, chills, rash, sore throat, diffuse eyrthematous rash on chest and abdomen that blanches with pressure, numerous 1-2mm papules. The throat is erythematous with gray white tonsillar exudates and tongue is bright red =
due to
predisposes to __________ and glomerulonephritis
Scarlet fever
Group A streptococcus (pyrogenic exotoxins)
acute rheumatic fever
treatment for diphtheria (fever, difficulty breathing, no vaccinations, neck swelling, gray pharyngeal exudate) include _________, Abx, and active immunization. Of these, _________ with antitoxin is the most important
passive immunization
passive immunization
nonpathogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae can cause severe pseudomembranous pharyngitis after acquiring the ____ gene via lysogenization by a temperate bacteriaphage
Tox
_________ can cause severe constipation and should be suspected if patients are residing in a home built before 1978. Diagnosis made by measuring the patients blood level
lead poisoning
________________________ associated with IgA and C3 deposition is typical of HSP. Most common in kids 3-11 with recent infection. Present with palpable skin lesions with or without __________ and _________. Should be carefully observed for glomerulonephritis
Small vessel leukoclastic angiitis
abdominal pain, arthralgia
acute pruritic rash, history of environmental allergies and hives =
triggered by IgE dependent ______ degranulation
in older patients, _________ such as diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, hydroxyzine, promethazine) should be avoid while newer generation antihistamines such as _______ and cetirizine should be used
urticaria
mast cell
1st gen antihistamines
loratadine
the HiB vaccine consists of a capuslar polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein ________ or outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis. Protein conjugation causes a ___________ leading to long term immunity through the production of memory B lymphocytes
Tetanus toxoid
T cell mediated immune response
the most important opsonins (coating proteins) are IgG and ______
C3b
nasal mucosa ulcers and glomerulonephritis are most characteristic of -________
_____________are virtually pathognomonic
smooth muscle cell antibodies are seen in ________
GBM antibodies are seen in ___________
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
c-ANCA (antineutrophil)
autoimmune hepatitis
Goodpastures
